How to Make Yellow or Golden Fire

Most flames from candles or wood burning fire are yellow, but you can color a blue flame so that it will become yellow. Heres what you do. Chemicals That Produce Yellow Fire Yellow can be caused by the temperature of a flame, but it can also come from the emission spectrum of a chemical as it is heated. Typically, this is caused by the presence of sodium in a fuel. You can produce a yellow fire by adding any of these common sodium compounds to a fire: Sodium chloride (table salt)Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)Sodium carbonate (washing soda) Making Yellow Fire The yellow emission spectrum from sodium is so intense, you really dont need to add sodium to most materials to produce a yellow flame. However, if you want to intensify the yellow color, you can add salt to your fuel. Most of the chemicals that produce yellow fire are soluble in water. Dissolve any of the salts in a very small amount of water or in rubbing alcohol, which is a mixture of alcohol and water. Mix the sodium solution with your fuel (e.g., naphtha, alcohol) to add yellow color to a blue or colorless flame.

Analysis Of The Story Sonny s Blues By James Baldwin

In reading the story Sonny s Blues by James Baldwin, we learn of two brothers and their lives growing up in Harlem. The narrator, who is the older brother in the story, narrates the trials and tribulations he and his younger brother (Sonny) had to endure growing up in such a harsh environment in Harlem (due to the drugs, violence, and Black s being looked down upon in general in the mid-1950s). We start in the future (present), with the narrator having a somewhat successful future being a teacher and having a wife and two kids (with one of them passing away due to the polio disease). We learned very early that Sonny was locked up due to possession of heroin. The narrator originally found out about the tragic news from a newspaper, then later, an old childhood friend of the two made a trip to inform him while he was leaving school. The childhood friend tried to inform the narrator of the harsh reality of the situation Sonny was in, and would never change by telling him Listen. They ll let him out and then it ll just start all over again. That s what I mean (Baldwin page 50), with the narrator already being mindful of the situation and conceivable consequence of him diving into that lifestyle. He initially didn t care, but came to the realization that he had to care about his younger misguided brother as he and the fellow converted then parted ways. This gave light into where the story was heading with the two siblings, as they would write letters back and forwardShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesMollie Colon Comp 111 B04 Mrs. Canella In Class Essay 1 â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by author James Baldwin tells the tale of two brothers; one good and one evil. The narrator paints the two brothers as â€Å"light† and â€Å"dark†. The author James Baldwin writes about his relationship with his brother Sonny whom was the â€Å"dark† brother. In essence, this story is about the struggle of two black brothers growing up in Harlem. This essay incorporates the struggles that Black men and women go through on a daily basisRead MoreJames Baldwin s Reality Through Sonny1253 Words   |  6 Pages James Baldwin’s Reality through Sonny Sonny’s Blues digs deeply into the â€Å"Negro American† during Civil Rights and Jim Crow Era’s. Set in Harlem, New York in the 1950’s. James Baldwin’s stories give insight based on events of his culture and this becomes apparent through the analysis of the characters in Sonny’s Blues. James Baldwin uses his talents to paint a vivid picture of African American life through a fictional story of two brothers who chose very differentRead More Mending the Relationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues1292 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues According to Liukkonen, James Baldwin is well known for his novels on sexual and personal identity, and sharp essays on civil-rights struggle in the United States. Sonnys Blues is no exception to this. The story takes place in Harlem, New York in the 1950s and tells of the relationship between two brothers. The older brother, who is the narrator and a participant in the novel, remains unnamed throughout the story. The novel is about theRead MoreJames Baldwins Sonnys Blues859 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿An Analysis of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues In James Baldwin s short story Sonny s Blues a young man questions his brotherly obligations after finding that his younger brother has been arrested for using drugs. In the attempt to rectify his younger brother s behavior and life, the young man faces his own feelings for his brother and comes to terms with the life his brother Sonny lives. The developments of certain elements-plot, character, point of view, setting, symbolism-in the storyRead MoreLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†1549 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† Amelia Williams ENG125: Introduction to Literature Instructor: Deborah Zeringue December 22, 2014 As living and breathing human beings people are bound to experience some type of conflict. Conflict can be present within a person, between two people, between a person and forces of nature, and even between a person and their society. Conflict is defined as the struggle that shapes the plot in a story (Clugston, 2014, ch.4sect.1 para.4). When readingRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blues By John M. Lee2198 Words   |  9 PagesDr. Kim Course: English 132 Sonny’s Blues is one of the famous stories expressing the deplorable conditions the Black community found themselves in during the struggle against racial segregation in the American history. The analysis given by John M. Reilley is to draw the attention of the readers and audience on the image of the black community, basically as expressed by Sonny’s Blues as a metaphor. Following the publication of Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin realized he had a role in the AfricanRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 916 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin’s story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† tells the tale of two African-American brothers trying to survive in 1950s America. Both struggle with darkness in their lives, from drugs to bottling up emotions. The following sources were found Literature Research Center’s website. Each of the four sources will be evaluated for the quality of their information, as well as their usefulness on the topic o f darkness in â€Å" â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. Flibbert, Joseph. Sonny s Blues: Overview. Reference Guide to Short

Chesapeake Vs Chesapeake Essay - 1827 Words

The colonization of the New World was a trying time for the European powers trying to catch up the Spanish, such as the British. Sometimes colonies were successful, and sometimes they didn’t last long at all. There were not only the differences in terms of failing or succeeding, but differences in terms of how the successful colonies succeeded. Two of the most successful colonies were established and developed in totally different ways. The difference in the successful development of the colonies in the Chesapeake region was totally different than the successful development of the colonies in the New England region, and was caused by different populations, climate, geography, and motivations. The populations found in New England were far†¦show more content†¦They had paid for their own voyage and the sole purpose of their travels was to become rich. Upon their arrival, they set off in search for a land of gold. During their search, they created heavy tensions with the natives in the area. This negative relationship with the natives caused them to be attacked and almost wiped out until the British government took over the region and introduced a new system. This new system granted 50 acres of land to each person that paid for their voyage, or another person’s voyage over. This caused more families to be drawn to the opportunity and eventually a greater, smarter, stronger community was established. Overall, there was a far more immediate success in the establishment of the population in New England than in the Chesapeake region, which eventually lead to a different feel in society. Additionally, society itself was changing more and more between the two regio ns due to the climate. The climate of the New England region causes the temperature to drop earlier than it does in the Chesapeake region. The early morning fall frost that falls on the leaves in New England was not only beautiful but beneficial for their health. In New England the frost came far sooner than in the Chesapeake region which lead to the death of mosquitos in the frost. Despite their small stature, mosquitos were actually a large problem in the Chesapeake region. Their feeding on human and animal blood caused deadly diseases to beShow MoreRelatedEssay Chesapeake Vs. New England Colonies763 Words   |  4 Pagesdiversity being sown in the early days of colonization when the Chesapeake and New England colonies grew into distinctive societies. Even though both regions were primarily English, they had similarities as well as striking differences. The differentiating characteristics among the Chesapeake and New England colonies developed due to geography, religion, and motives for colonial expans ion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay area, was not interested in long-term colonization inRead MoreEssay on New England Vs. Chesapeake DBQ1306 Words   |  6 PagesNew England vs. Chesapeake While both the people of the New England region and of the Chesapeake region descended from the same English origin, by 1700 both regions had traveled in two diverse directions. Since both of these groups were beset with issues that were unique to their regions and due to their exposure to different circumstances, each was forced to rethink and reconstruct their societies. As a result, the differences in the motivation, geography, and government in the New England andRead MoreEssay about New England vs , Chesapeake749 Words   |  3 Pagesand energy to make the state. A state threats these puritans also known to be separatist. Rhode island an exception was also founded for the religious reasons. Founded by a brave man roger wiliams having the same will for the freedom of worship. Chesapeake own purpose is of course had a whole different purpose likewise in a more economical perspective. This region by far had very greedy and shallow minded ideals in economics. Jamestown was fo unded was by the greed for gold itself. Many in aRead MoreThe Colonization Of The New World1068 Words   |  5 Pagesfounding of colonies in the New World. Another motive was one shared by many races, cultures, and nationalities†¦ greed. For this reason, a group of English entrepreneurs created the Virginia Company of London to create a profitable colony in the Chesapeake Bay region of North America. Thus, England’s first permanent settlement, Jamestown, was founded. Instead of repeating the vain search for gold in the New World by the Spanish, the founders of were ordered to find a â€Å"cash crop† to monetize JamestownRead MoreHistory 13015-82262 Words   |  10 Pagesarab states of morocco, algiers, tunis and tripoli and for decades seized vessels all of the mediterranean and held crews and passengers for ransom. Barbary pirates The episode which immediately prompted the Embargo Act was the ___ attack on the Chesapeake by the Leopard. Under Jays Treaty, ___ agreed to abandon its military posts in the American Northwest. -Great Britain How was slavery a sectional issue before 1820? most white Americans saw slavery as mainly a local issue. In Marbury v. MadisonRead MoreApush - Chapter 9-12 I.D. Terms3973 Words   |  16 PagesChapter 9-12 I.D. Terms 1. Washington’s Farewell Address- an essay George Washington wrote to stay neutral from foreign affairs. â€Å"We need to stay focused on well-being of U.S. since we are a new country.† For the next 150 years, the U.S. didn’t sign an alliance. Isolationism formed from this address. Twice however, the US got involved in the European struggle. 1) in 1798 in opposition to France amp; 2) in 1813 in opposition to Great Britain. He basically said he was totally for the NeutralityRead MoreInformation Technology Implementation Issues: an Analysis45771 Words   |  184 Pagesmanagement of information technologies. For example see J. L. King â€Å"Local Government Use of Information Technology: The Next Decade†, in Managing New Technologies: The Information Revolution in Local Government (Washington, DC: ICMA, 1985). In this essay King describes smaller governments as those â€Å"cities below 50,000 and counties below 100,000 in population†. (p.12) Strategic Planning In its simplest form strategic planning is described as â€Å"a process by which an organization attempts to control itsRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesthe January effect is illustrated in Figure 6.15, which examines returns in January versus the other months of the year in several major financial markets, and finds strong evidence of a January effect in every market. Figure 6.15: Returns in January vs Other Months - Major Financial Markets b. The Weekend Effect The weekend effect is another return phenomenon that has persisted over extraordinary long periods and over a number of international markets. It refers to the differences in returns between

The Negative Effects Of Prohibition - 1048 Words

The 18th amendment introduced governmental restrictions on the manufacture and sale of alcohol in 1920’s America (Constitution). With this amendment, government overstepped the boundaries set in place by the founders and by the ideologies of Locke; rather than a government whose sole purpose was to protect the rights of people, government became an institution that could also regulate morals. Though created with good intentions, Prohibition rather had an adverse effect and led to both economic and moral disaster. Due to governmental expansion and growth into spheres not intended in its original design, government harmed America socially and economically, and expanded the facets into which government could have power. Prohibition was†¦show more content†¦The weakness in the legislation of the 18th amendment was rooted in the unique and individual nature of morals. There is a fine line in legislating morals and rights. Government’s purpose is to legislate and protect rights, however when it comes to morals government had to grow to encompass this responsibility. Morals are a standard of beliefs and behaviors, rights are a legal entitlement guaranteed to all men. Morals are amorphous, rights are concrete. The case of Prohibition failed because it split Americans into factions based upon their beliefs. Those who were â€Å"wet† and â€Å"dry† differed greatly in their morals, and when these morals became legislated through the 18th amendment, disaster struck in many forms, all due to this spread of government power. In order to address the aftermath of the 18th amendment, the enforcement of it must also be addressed. The National Prohibition Act, or more commonly known as the Volstead Act, is described as â€Å"An act to prohibit intoxicating beverages, and to regulate the manufacture, production, use, and sale of high-proof spirits for other than beverage purposes, and to insure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its use in scientific research and in the development of fuel, dye, and other lawful industries† (Volstead Act). This act was over 25Show MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Drug Prohibition1297 Words   |  6 PagesNumerous researchers contend that drug prohibition policies actually create more issues than are solved. The negative effects of drug restriction policies include: negative health effects, increased drug effects, crimes at home and abroad, increased violence, misuse of assets and resources, violation of civil rights and excess on criminal and government systems. Heavy emphasis on upholding criminal restrictions on drug creation and selling was also significantly influencing the productivity of illegalRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Prohibition in Canada1061 Words   |  5 Pagesthe years of 1918-1920 Canada had a brief moment of prohibition. During this period in time drinking alcohol was considered illegal. As a result many negative and positive side effects had taken place in the country. Although the ban of alcohol may have been able to do great good on Canada, the people’s reaction to it completely flipped it around. Although it may have been overall a disastrous idea; Canada still managed to benefit from prohibition just like the United States (maybe even more). AlthoughRead MoreIs the Prohibition of Drugs Useful or Not? Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe twentieth century, people in many countries become aware of drug prohibition. In fact, every country in the world has a form of drugs prohibition. However, national drug prohibition started in 1920s in the United States as a subgroup of national alcohol prohibition. In 1930 the congress of United States separated drugs from the alcohol prohibition law and created a new federal drug prohibition agency (Levine, 2002). Prohibition may be defined as the set of policies which ban all production, distributionRead MoreProhibition in the Great Gatsby1355 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by prohibition. The prohibition law restricted the manufacturing, consumption, transportation, and sale of alcohol. The law was put into effect to lower the crime and corruption rates in the United States in the 1920s. It was also said to reduce social problems and lower taxes. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald examines the negative repercussions of prohibition on the economy, characters in the Great Gatsby, and on the different social classes of the 1920s. Prohibition was passedRead MoreProhibition During The Era Of 1920-1933 Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesProhibition Essay: By: Savannah Crawford During the era of 1920-1933 could best be characterized as the path to a sober nation. This time of history consisted of the eighteenth amendment which was passed on October 28th 1919; Volstead Act. The Volstead act was created to carry out the movement of prohibition. In addition, Prohibition is the legal prohibiting of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks for common consumption according to dictionary.com. Furthermore, this amendment concurs thatRead MoreThe Causes of Prohibition (America 1920s)848 Words   |  4 PagesWhy was prohibition introduced in America in the 1920? When federal prohibition was introduced in America with the 18th Amendment to the constitution in 1919 and the Volstead Act in 1920, it was often termed ‘The Nobel Experiment’. It didn’t take long for most people to recognise that the experiment had gone terribly wrong and that it was fostering what it was supposed to eradicate, crime, excess and corruption. But the question is why it was introduced in America in 1920 and to understand thisRead MoreThe 18th Amendment And Prohibition711 Words   |  3 Pagesamendment. The 18th amendment, prohibition, may have seemed like a positive thing at the time, but it caused countless problems like increased crime rates, the court system and law enforcement became corrupted, and the making of homemade alcohol increased. Crime rates, especially in urban areas, rapidly increased once Prohibition began. Crime was already troublesome with gangs and such then, but with Prohibition crime became even worse, â€Å"during the first year of Prohibition the number of crimes committedRead MoreThe Street Empire916 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame common, and many people would purchase bootlegged alcohol through illegal manners. Criminals and gangsters viewed the prohibition as a method of making money fast, and created an organized system concentrated on manufacturing and distributing of alcoholic beverages. Organized crime has always been notoriously feared; however, they became successful during the Prohibition era in the 1920s. They established an organized system and evolved into a successful, established, and dangerous organizationRead MoreLaw Enforcement : The United States Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pageson, until prohibition became a federal task in the 1920’s. This is when the federal government dec ided to take up the task of protecting people from themselves. Fast forward to the 1960’s; President Richard Nixon took a step forward with prohibition by declaring a war on drugs. This perpetual war has consumed much of our country’s financial resources and profoundly affected our criminal justice system, which governs us today. Many claim that this effect on our country has been negative, but othersRead MoreCultural Issues Created by the Prohibition Era. 813 Words   |  3 PagesWhile the prohibition movement of the early twentieth century was brought on with a wholesome and moral mindset, the economic, political, and cultural factors relating to its origins and enactment untimely doomed it for failure. Such groups as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the progressive party argued that drinking was the cause of political corruption, crime, bad labor conditions, and a declining sense of family values. These groups’ protests and rallies gained enormous support quickly

Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management Free Essays

string(164) " consumer behavior has changed, all of the companies are forcing to change their supply chain processes to adopt the new channel to meet the customer expectations\." As Airasia’s vision is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia, our proposal might be a useful tool for Airasia to achieve their vision. The goal of our proposal is to decrease the operational cost of Airasia to attain cost efficiencies and provided the public with a lowest cost so that â€Å"Now everyone can fly† with Airasia. Objective of this proposal is to develop e-Supply Chain Management to attain a much lower operation cost for Airasia in the coming year. We will write a custom essay sample on Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this proposal, we will discuss about; 1. Analyze of the factors contributing to enable e-SCM for Airasia, 2. Create an appropriate implementation plans to develop e-SCM, 3. Discuss the environmental factors that will affect the implementation, 4. Determine which department will e-SCM help the most, 5. Show the benefit of e-SCM to Airasia and stakeholders and 6. Suggestion for how to further improve the e-SCM. Overview of the company (Airasia, 2010) Now everyone can fly, this slogan held in every Malaysian’s mind deeply. Airasia was an Asia’s leading airline with a dream of making flying possible for everyone. The vision of Airasia is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. The mission of Airasia included; †¢ To be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family †¢ Create a globally recognized ASEAN brand †¢ To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with Airasia †¢ Maintain the highest quality product embracing technology to reduce coast and enhance service levels There are 6 main values that Airasia focused in to attain the lowest cost. The strategies used were; ? Safety first o Partnering with GE Engine Services the world’s most renowned maintenance providers and complying with the world airline operations. o GE Engine Services began servicing jet aircraft engines over 50 years ago. o Provide large or small jet engines for commercial or military aircraft as well as engines for marine and industrial applications (Breaking Travel News, 2002). ? Hight Aircraft Utilisation o Implementing the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and higher productivity. Low Fare, No Frills o Providing guests with the choice of customizing services without compromising on quality and services.   Example services provided food ; beverage, merchandise, excite, baggage supersize, pick a seat, premium service or corporate booking. ? Streamline Operations o Making sure the process are as simple as possible. o Example online ticket booking. ? Lean Distribution System o Offering a wide and innovative range of distribution channels to make booking and traveling easier. Strategy of distribution like call centre, sales office ; airport sales counter, authorized travel agents, mobile booking or online. ? Point to Point Network o Applying the point-to-point network keeps operation simple and cost low Analyze Airasia’s Annual Report According to Airasia’s Five-Year Financial Highlights from 2006 until 2009, Airasia’s revenue is increasing steadily. Unfortunately, in year 2008 is having loss around RM497 million. This is because their operating expenses (-RM3,207 million) had exceeded their revenue (RM2,955 million). From the report, year 2008 Airasia had huge amount of air craft fuel expenses (-RM1,390 million) and derivatives (-RM679 million) on operational cost compare with years 2009 –RM928 million and RM22 million. Due to the fuel expenses and derivatives, it causes Airasia making loss in year 2008 (Airasia Berhad, 2010). From the balance sheet, we can know that net current asset of year 2008 and year 2009 was increasing from RM163 million to RM511 million. It is because of non-current assets and current assets increased and current liabilities decreased. On non-current liabilities, borrowings of RM6,068 million in year 2008 and RM7,068 million in year 2009 (Airasia Berhad, 2010). |Key Ratios (YE 31 Dec) |2008 |2009 | |Revenue growth (%) |n/a |8. 4 | |EBITDA growth (%) |n/a |86. | |Pretax margins (%) |(15. 3) |16. 8 | |Net profit margins (%) |(15. 4) |16. 3 | |Interest cover (x) |1. 6 |2. 1 | |Effective tax rate (%) |n/a |3. | |Net dividend payout (%) |n/a |0. 0 | |Debtors turnover (days) |91 |88 | |Stock turnover (days) |4 |3 | |Creditors turnover (days) |149 |127 | Adapted]From: Chew. B, 2010. Comparing with Malaysia Airlines, Malaysia Airlines have more revenue compare with Airasia but their profit after tax are around the same figure, which are RM493 million in year 2009, RM245 million in year 2008, RM853 million in year 2007, RM133 million loss in year 2006 and RM1,251 million lose in year 2005. Although Airasia revenue lower than Malaysia Airlines around RM8,442 million but Airasia can gain the profit like Malaysia Airlines. In conclusion, the strategies used by Airasia are very successful (Malaysia Airlines, 2010). Compare Airasia with Malaysia airlines |2009 |Airasia |Malaysia Airlines |Differences in % | |Revenue |RM3,133 million |RM11,574 million |269. 42% | |Net profit after tax |RM506 million |RM493 million |-2. 57% | |Passengers carried |14,253 million |6,549 million |-54. 5% | |Fuel Expenses |RM927 million |RM3,497 million |277. 24% | |Net Current Asset |RM511 million |RM3,023 million |491. 59% | Balance Sheet Ratio for year 2009 |Ratio |Formula |Airasia |Malaysia Airlines | |Current |CA/CL |1. |0. 86 | |Quick |(Cash+AR)/CL |0. 86 |0. 74 | |Net Margin |NPAT/Sales |16. 2 |0. 04 | |Operating Margin |Operating profit/Sales |0. 15 |-0. 06 | |Return On Assets |NPAT/T. Assets |0. 04 |0. 6 | |Return On Investment |NPAT/Net Worth |0. 19 |0. 66 | The factors contributing to e- enable SCM in Airasia The invention of internet has greatly influence the traditional supply chain management in the world. Many company realize the benefits of apply IT into their supply chain management. Internet has prov ided a great opportunity for company to share and access information faster and increase the productivity and efficiency of the supply chain performance. Other than that, e-enabled SCM lead to deduct the cost and add extra value for the company. Those enabling software like CRM, ERP and EDI which can help in make improvement on the integration with its buyers, sellers, suppliers and partners. Rapid changing of technology forcing the companies must plan to change their business strategy in order to understand consumer behavior and fulfill their needs. Due to the inefficiencies of the traditional supply chain management, many company decided to acquiring e-SCM are aim to better manage their supply chain flow to ensure it is operating smoothly. E-SCM is taking advantage in coordinate the cooperation with suppliers. E-commerce allow the seller promote and sell their products and services through the internet. Some of the buyers today prefer to search, buy, compare or book the products and services on the internet. Since the consumer behavior has changed, all of the companies are forcing to change their supply chain processes to adopt the new channel to meet the customer expectations. You read "Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management" in category "Papers" Thus, the supply chain needs to be different with the traditional channel. Airasia can provide customers booking flight ticket via internet (Gimenez et al. , 2003). Information sharing is a crucial part in supply chain management. Traditional supply chain management provided limited information flow among the employees, customers or the suppliers. That is higher cost and time consuming to get the information and it will cause the company can’t make a good decision. Therefore, internet provided a chance for company to share and access the real time information among its partners to ensure effective. Extranet can build a network to link the company and the partners together and granted to share and access information faster. Therefore, company can easily get the urgent information instantly in low cost. It can make a big improvement in enhancing the integration company with its suppliers. Other than that, an intranet can send and accept the documents through electronic media among the firms. In addition, internet is a high speed medium where can reach global. Internet can help the Company connect with their foreign partners in a minute for business information, discussion and proceed to procurement decision. It can know as e-procurement, example, Airasia can order the air bus spare part via internet (Gimenez et al. , 2003). Knowledge sharing, in the database management is not only offer precious information, there are also including planning, analyze the result and transfer and transform into meaningful information and share with business partners . Company can get the data with just a few clicks and help them to make a better decision for their business. That is providing big advantages to the company where is cost saving and improve the efficiency of their business decision. Example, Airasia can collect their sales data and analyze it into meaningful information in order to respond to customer needs and demands and react quickly to the market. It can also use to forecast the company sales, so, the company can make decision to improve their sales (Gimenez et al. , 2003). One of the factors e-enabled supply chain management is it can design an effective supply chain to strive for effective collaboration and integration with suppliers and customers, increase the competitive advantages in the intense competition environment, improve the operational process, and gain a long-term benefit. Even though internet is an inexpensive and faster way to obtain the useful information to assist the company to improve the supply chain management, company has to design a good supply chain structure to make the supply chain flow more effective. The better of the supply chain design, the more benefits company can gain from it. Intense competition today has forcing the company to do better always in order to survive in the market. Internet has offering the company a chance to design a better supply chain to enhance its supply chain performance by adding new functions to achieve the company objectives (Gimenez et al. 2003). Implementation plans to strategize an e-SCM In competitive environment today, internet technology provided strong tools to strengthen the company’s electronic supply chain management. If the company can carry out an appropriate implement planning, it would lead to obtain a competitive edge. A poor planning may cause supply chain produce the poor result like low quality, poor services and higher cost. Initially, the company must clarify the supply chain goals to indentify which goals are going to set to get best effect in the business. Competitive level, distribution, production, financial and customers needs need to be concern to assure the new supply chain able to achieve company goals and fulfill customers’ need. Outsourcing can be more suitable because operating a new supply chain is costly. After that, conduct a supply chain readiness audit to analyze the business. To understand the existing company core and capabilities priority. How the company is going to respond with high demand, global reach? It such as an evaluation of business before a new supply chain is implementing. Next step is developing a business case, the top management should develop a business case that understands electronic supply chain can increase the performances of business and it would improve the customer satisfaction, supplier integration and cost effectiveness. To make a better business case can help in achieve company’s mission and objectives. Fourth step is establishing a supply chain coordination unit. Establish a skillful e-SCM team to implement and coordinate the supply chain. The team is to make sure the supply chain is operating under a smoothness condition, reduce the cost, facilitate business performance and increase customer satisfaction. Training has to give out to improve the SCM team skill, knowledge and leadership (Kalakota et al, 2001). Next, begin supplier integration. Business partners are the important part in the supply chain to help the company to achieve their new business projects or objectives. Electronic supply chain will be inefficient if without any supplier support. Develop a performance score card to evaluate the performance of new supply chain. Reengineering might need when there have problems occur or something is going wrong. Penalties and performance reward may place into the measurement as incentives to drive e-SCM efficiency. The following step is always educate, educate, educate the members who are involve in the supply chain management by provide training, education, mentoring to the members to get the newest knowledge and information to perform well. At the final step, company has to learn to manage failure. Not every system will always implementing smoothly, failure will lead into inefficiencies and influence the company daily operations. Thus, company must able to cope with the failure, understand the problem and learn from the failure and make improvement on it to prevent the problems occur again (Kalakota et al, 2001). Airasia is using Low Cost Carrier (LCC) business strategy to operate their business and transform supply chain management to electronic. Airsia is going to adopt several systems to support the e-SCM to operate smoothly. All of the systems are operating to achieve the business goals by cost effective of the operation (ERP and CRS) and maximize the revenue (YMS). Airasia attempts to integrate information technology with current supply chain management to carry out some planning and strategy that is implementing effectively to support and develop their business to coordinate their daily operation, integration and communication (Kho, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) is introduced to improve the internal operational process and achieving low cost business strategy. In airline industry, complex network, huge daily operation and a lots of external factor that will influence the operational performance like bad weather. In order to be successfully implementing a good supply chain, Airasia can use APS to become a core of their supply chain to deal with the customer and supplier requirements. A series of effective functions will provide by APS to support Airasia in their daily operational activities. There are supplier portals, it will provide some useful information for Airasia to help them avoid from any system error such as order processing. APS also assist in inventory planning and maintenance management. APS is ability to integrate Airasia, its maintenance supplier, GE aviation, and other suppliers to manage the inventory such as spare part to check resource availability and place order priority to prevent out of maintenance stock and set a maintenance schedule to ensure the aircraft is in a safety condition all the time. Route profitability analysis is conducting to set and plan an efficient route in order to save cost and increase revenue (Kho, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Computer Reservation System (CRS) is an integrated web-based inventory and reservation system including call center, airport departure control function, internet and others. Airasia is going to use e-commerce to facilitate the online reservation and purchase e-ticket process. Intermediary had eliminated in this process. Airasia will offer 24 hours per day and 7 days a week for real time transaction that enable local and global customers to book the ticket anytime. The system software will provide data in online booking and categorize stored, update automatically and help in scheduling flight activities. This is also cost effective by less depend on human resource for data entry. Therefore, Airasia can fully utilize the available of vast booking information where bring customers to the website to minimize the unsold seat and maximize their sales. The comprehensive information is available by the supply chain system on the internet for customer to view, search and compare with others companies before they decide to purchase in terms of service, price or flight time. CRS has provided convenient for the company to maximize their sales to meet customers’ needs (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Beside that, Airasia had decided to acquire a Wireless Delivery System (WDS) to provide convenient to the customer so they able to book ticket through their mobile phone while increasing Airasia sales (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). ERP is application software integrated with its company system that helps the company to manage the operational activities effectively and efficiency. Airasia can implement ERP system which is a system that will focus on company daily operations and help in save operational cost, maintain integrity, speed up reporting and increase efficiency of the operational performance and better manage its electronic supply chain (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Yield Revenue System (YMS) used to aid in understand, react and anticipated the buyer behavior to enhance the company revenue. The system can effectively result in optimize the Airasia’s flight ticket price and maximize the company expected revenue. Example, seat price is available by different level in the different time. A ticket booking at a later time may be charge a higher price than an earlier booking. Other than that, the system will help the company adjust the ticket price when there have high demand in that destination. YMS is obtaining advantages in charge a lower price to maximize the revenue and adjust the price into higher price when the peak time through the demand forecast. In this case, Airasia can fully understand their consumer behavior and implementing the effective strategy to achieve their revenue objectives (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). ECRM is a system software use to build a long term relationship with the customers. Many companies are plan to cut customer service cost while improve customer satisfaction. ECRM is providing extra advantages compare with offline CRM. Airasia will use ECRM to manage the complaints from the customers through the call center and solve the customer problem and question by FAQs with further customer service support line on the Airasia homepage. Besides that, ECRM also provide convenience for customer to check in through the internet and mobile phone. ECRM can help the Airasia indentify the frequent customer and reward them through reward program like frequently flyer program. Email notification may be send to the customers to inform them about the promotion information (Wong, 2009). Environmental factors that may affect the implementation of e-SCM in AirAsia External factors Sociological Social environment includes the cultures, customs, mores, values and demographic characteristic of the society in which an organization functions. Social processes also determine the goods and services, as well as the standards of business conduct, that a society is likely to value and accept. (Smith, 2010) In Malaysia, most of the population is educated and 65. % of Malaysians use internet (Internet World Statistic, 2010). This eases the process of implement e-SCM. When suppliers, customers and employees of Airasia are educated and able to operate a computer, it will be very easy for them to understand the concept of e-SCM, accept and use it. Therefore, the learning cost of Airasia’s e-SCM can be lower down. However, Airasia’s supplier have different values in implementing e-SCM. They may refuse to share actual data with other companies due to lack of trust (Scalet, 2001). This caused a barrier while implementing e-SCM. Political The political environment reflects the relationship between business and government, usually in the form of government regulation of business (Smith, 2010). Political factors such as labour laws, tax, trade policy, and political stability defines what Airasia can and cannot do while implementing e-SCM. During year 2009, the Prime Minister, Abdullah Badawi was set to step down in March 2009. This caused political uncertainty. This issue may lead to difficulties in setting rules or changing any structure in Airasia in order to implement e-SCM. Besides, Airasia also operate in other countries, many laws will be different compare to Malaysia. So Airasia will face another issue while implement e-SCM. Economic Economic environment refers to relevant conditions that exist in the economic system in which a company operates. Those factors in economic environment are interest rates, exchange rate, economic growth, inflation rate and others (Smith, 2010). For example, the rising of oil and arousal of low-cost competitors like Firefly will affect Airasia’s operating cost. They will influence the profits and availability of funds and cause implication on implementation of e-SCM (Yahoo! Answer, 2010). When Airasia is lack of fund, there will also lack of employees training cost on e-SCM and implementation cost. A Thai individual holds 1%, Airasia holds 49% and Shin Corporation hold 50% of Thai Airasia. Shin Corporation was owned by previous Thailand prime minister and it has strong financial strength to support Airasia to implement technology such as e-SCM (International Transport Workers’ Federation, 2007). Technological Technological environment includes human knowledge, work methods, physical equipment, electronics and telecommunication and various processing systems which used to perform business activities. (Wong, 2009) Technology nowadays helps a lot in e-SCM. The main technology that affects implementation of e-SCM is Internet. It is serving as a medium for information access, transmission and sharing among suppliers, Airasia and its customers. Apart from that, with the aids of other technologies like intranet, extranet, e-mail, online conferencing, and others, all the supply chain partners of Airasia can easily communicate and collaborate. Speed of information flow faster through Airasia to its customers or supplier. The other technology platform is Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). These technologies have stimulated implementation of e-SCM. Internal factors Human Resource When Airasia implement e-SCM strategy, every process, goal or system must be carry out by employees. Thus Airasia need to provide training to its employee, development, restructure and compensate in order to support e-SCM process. However, some employees may resist to change. Airasia must be award or compensate them so that implementation goes smoothly (Lancaster, 2006). Financial Resource Financial is critical factors that affect e-SCM. Without enough funds and capital, e-SCM cannot be implementing because e-SCM needs huge fund to carry out. Although Airasia is suffering loss during year 2009, Airasia can raise its fund to implement e-SCM by selling its share or capital restructure (Whitley, 2009). Physical Resource The infrastructure needed to be carry out e-SCM are corporate portals, workflow system and tools, EDI, intranet, extranet and others groupware tools. Airasia should gets all infrastructure ready to implement e-SCM. Organizational structure A flattened organization structure can easier to accept, adapt and implement new technologies or strategies (Pearlson, 2006). However, board of directors of AirAsia is too narrow, decision making will be too shallow (Onwutalobi, 2008). When implement e-SCM, decision making need to be fast, effective and efficient. Area that e-SCM help most in Airasia E-SCM helps Airasia a lot in this airline competitive industry and one of the ost significant advantages are reduced manifest preparation time, reduced paperwork handling time, reduced time in communicating with up- and down-stream intermodal partners and reduced load transference times between intermodal partners One of the significant e-SCM for an aviation company is the Computer Reservation System (CRS). Online sales through this system captured more than 50 percent of Airasia’s revenue (Corporate website, 2005). The system can also detect the frequent flyers and rewards them accordingly to create higher customer retention rate and lead to a better stage of relationship marketing with the customers. The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) process provides the structure for how relationship with the customer is develop and maintained (Croxton et al. , 2001). CRM can be a system linked together with the CRS in order to obtain the customer description and reservation description to provide them with full range of customer service including the FAQ questions in it. Besides that, Distributed Database System (DDS) is also a core element in this successful Airasia in the airline industry. If Airasia tend to expand to a wider range of market share, a geographically dispersed database can be used to plan its flight schedule carefully. Another element is that Wireless Delivery System (WDS) for the ease of their customers to browse company website details and place their reservation using their mobile phone. Airasia practices online booking if the customers tend to save money for lower price when they purchase their ticket online. The complexity of managing the flexible price can be carrying out using Yield Revenue System (YRS). Airasia can price accordingly by referring to the demand of the flight and pick the best price for Airasia’s yield revenue. Demand driven resource planning and employee scheduling is crucial to the success of all aviation service providers and Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) can help Airasia in the dynamic airline environment. Crew scheduling, fleet management, gate and check-in desk planning and the ground crew planning is a crucial part for the company to overcome the increasing operating costs. Benefits of e-SCM to AirAsia, suppliers, and consumers The common model of e-commerce supply chain system transaction view is shown as below; company, suppliers and consumers are all linked throughout the whole transaction. So, as Airasia applies e-SCM, besides benefit to Airasia, it also benefits to suppliers and consumers (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). [pic] Company Airasia can use the computer network to operate its businesses as one of the e-SCM strategies. Airasia’s can introduce booking air ticket through the online website which is assisted Air Asia transformed towards a more well-established communication media which is available 24/7. As the forecast, there will about 40% total revenue can be gain via the Internet transactions. It is because of Airasia can take the advantage of B2B marketplaces to forecast the demand for their services and, using differentiation pricing strategy to attract more customers and gain more market share by implementing the Yield Revenue System (YMS). In addition, the e-CRM in e-SCM allows Airasia to provide personalized service and one-to-one relationships between merchants and consumers. The ERP system had speed up reporting and increase efficiency of the operational performance which will directly increase the satisfaction of customers towards the services quality provided by Airasia. At the end, Airasia can enhancing relationship with both existing and potential customers and also the suppliers since the communication became a straightforward task. Besides that, Airasia can cost saving through the Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) which improved the internal operational process and achieving low cost business strategy. The company can also saves on the cost to operating and managing the bricks and mortar outlets and able to reach national markets without any efforts on developing a physical distribution network. Then, Airasia can reduce the cost of sales commission of the middleman, which is the travel agent. So, as a conclusion, if Airasia adopted e-SCM, the company can streamline and restructure the services provided to its customers, developing new markets, and thus creating innovative business opportunities to its customers and suppliers. Suppliers [pic] Due to the supplier’s view of e-commerce supply chain, they concern on the process of buy and fulfillment, ship and logistics and fleet management (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). The suppliers of Airasia can strengthen their forecasting ability, meet and exceed Airasia’s demands by offering the right promotion of products and services at the right time, as well as align their production schedules based on their manufacturing capacity and inventory management is improved because of the efficient information exchange, inventory visibility and transactions through the EDI system. So, the supplier can minimize ordering, handling and other costs and avoid from the bull-whip effect which may cause them profit loss from the surplus of the stocks or failed to gain more profit because of the shortage of stocks. In addition, the supplier can increase its reputation by meeting the needs and demands from the customers. Consumers The customer’s view point towards the e-SCM can be represented simply, as the figure below (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). [pic] The e-SCM delivers value across Airasia customers’ supply chain allow customers make quicker and better decisions because the information about inventory visibility and transactions. Airasia customers can compare the pricing and the quality of services provided by Airasia and the others competitors on Internet. Besides that, the e-SCM automating the e-procurement function, simplified purchasing processes which benefits Airasia in lower their transaction costs and overhead. Since the expenses or costs of Airasia reduced, they may able to lower down the pricing but maintaining the same quality of services, which is also considered as benefit to customers. Customers get the same quality of services but with a lower pay. Through Computer Reservation System (CRS), Airasia can launch the ticketless system which the customer of Airasia has the opportunity in doing the booking and purchasing process at anytime, anywhere as customer preferences. Once the customer booking completed, Airasia will provide customer with a program which include customer booking number, payment and travel details. So, the ordering and settlement process had simplified and more convenient to customers during they check in by just mentioning the booking number and must present identification card (IC) or passport of customer for identification purposes. Recommendation and improvement on e-SCM The constantly changing external environments which faced by the organization or company nowadays cause the Airasia have to always ensure that its own internal resources and capabilities are sufficient enough to meet or exceed the needs of the external environment. So, the e-SCM system that Airasia executed need to always keep up-to-date to meet the needs of the external environments. Besides that, in order to survive in the air flight services industry, Airasia also need to always undertake an analysis about their external and internal environment. The e-SCM system plays an important role in this process because the visible of information about the supplier side and customers’ side is useful in the analysis. So, e-SCM system needs to be improved by reducing the degree of error happened and increase the accuracy and reliability of the data flow within the supply chain flow. Since Airasia still receiving a lot complaint from customers on their service, such as the flight delays, or being charged for a lot of things and also customers is not allowed to change flight or get any refund from Airasia if they couldn’t make it. So, Airasia can improve the e-SCM through the Balance Score Card (BSC) which helps in the improvement of the internal and external communications, and monitor the organization performance based on financial perspective, internal business process perspective, learning and growth perspective and also customer perspective. So, by measuring the quality management and customer satisfaction index, Airasia could further improve the e-SCM based on the feedbacks from the customers and the measurement of the performance. On the other hand, Airasia can also further improve the e-SCM in the collaboration area. There are several unexpected events are converging. Therefore, company can increases the number of platforms, packages and more advanced technologies to do the filtering tasks which only permit meaningful collaboration from sharing data and information, to developing customer reward programs and joint forecasts. References The Breaking News (2002), AirAsia ; GE Engine Services Sign Major Engine Maintenance Agreement Worth Over US$20 Million, Breaking Travel News. Available from: – http://www. breakingtravelnews. com/news/article/btn40003248  [Accessed 3 July 2010] Airasia (2010). How to cite Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management, Papers

MRI vs. CT Scans free essay sample

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are both diagnostic tests that provide us with high-resolution pictures of any area of the body. Both tests use computers to construct pictures to view within the body. Both of these tests are non-invasive procedures designed to provide medical professionals with a better understanding of the patient’s condition. There are, however, inherent differences in these tests’ mechanisms, sophistication, and application (â€Å"What is the Difference Between CT and MRI? †). In short, computed tomography uses a refined version of X-ray equipment to produce an image of the body. As the patient is slowly moved through the machine, its X-Ray tube rotates around the body and sends beams from all directions to a specific spot on the patient’s body. Because at any moment its beams are confined to a â€Å"slice† of the body about as thick as a dime, CT Scans end the confusion resulting from overlapping structure seen in conventional X-rays. The device’s computer translates this information into a detailed, cross-sectional picture of the region being scanned (Marieb 8). All of the pictures can be saved as a group on a computer, and can also be printed out to show the results to the patient (â€Å"Computed Tomography†). In contrast, an MRI produces high-contrast images for multiply areas of our body. This technique subjects the body to magnetic fields 60,000 times stronger that that of the earth’s. The MRI Pliura 2 primarily maps the body’s content of hydrogen, most of which is in water. The patient essentially lies in a chamber within a huge magnet. When the machine is turned on the body’s hydrogen molecules act like tiny magnets, spinning like tops in the magnetic field. Their energy is also enhanced by the radio waves of the machine, and when the machine is turned off the energy released is translated into a visual image. MRI distinguishes our body’s tissues based on their water content, so it can differentiate between the fatty white matter and the more watery gray matter of the brain (Marieb 9). Both of these tests operate differently and are better suited for different types of diagnoses (â€Å"CT Scan vs. MRI†). An MRI can be done for many different reasons. For instance, it is used to find problems such as tumors, bleeding, injury, or infection within the body. MRI’s are often done to provide more information about a problem seen by another type of medical image (â€Å"Magnetic Resonance Imaging†). For example, an MRI would be a physician’s best alternative if they needed to detect a disease within the body that could not be seen by the CT Scanner (Shiel). The magnetic field of the MRI allows it to gather information that cannot be seen by other types of medical imaging (â€Å"Magnetic Resonance Imaging†). Meanwhile, a CT scan is able to record images of bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels simultaneously, offering a clear advantage over the MRI in some cases. A CT Scan can also be used to guide needle biopsies during surgery. For instance, using a CT Scan can allow cardiologists to view images of arteries without ever having to do experimental testing. This painless procedure greatly assist physicians in diagnosing cardiovascular illnesses, musculoskeletal problems, and certain types of cancer. In some situations the CT would be the preferred scan of choice simply for its speed and limited Pliura 3 restrictions of the patient. Both of these scans offer unique advantages for different situations. The specific area of the body being viewed is another vital aspect to consider when picking which scan to use (Ryan). An MRI can be done for a number of injuries dealing with the head. It can look for aneurysms, bleeding of the brain, or problems such as damage caused by a stroke. The MRI can also find damage of the optic nerves, along with auditory nerves of our ears (â€Å"Magnetic Resonance Imaging†). Because dense structures do not show up at all in an MRI, it peers easily into the skull, enabling the delicate nerve fibers to be seen (Marieb 9). A spinal cord injury can prompt a physician to order an MRI instead of a CT Scan (â€Å"Magnetic Resonance Imaging†). For instance, multiple sclerosis plaques within the spinal cord do not show up well in CT Scans, but are dazzlingly clear in an MRI (Marieb 9). Additionally, the MRI will check the discs and nerves of the spine for conditions such as bulging discs, herninated discs, or spinal tumors (â€Å"Magnetic Resonance Imaging†). In contrast, CT Scans can be used to get images of the body as a whole, or certain parts such as the chest, abdomen, pancreas, or limb. For example, a CT of the chest would look for problems with the lungs, heart, esophagus, or the tissues in the center of the chest (â€Å"Computed Tomography†). CT Scans are often used to take a full scan of a patient’s abdomen, and they are now considered the forefront for evaluating most problems that affect the abdomen (Marieb 8). As opposed to an MRI, a CT of the arm or leg would not only look at the soft tissue, but it would also examine the blood vessels and bones of that limb as well (â€Å"Computed Tomography†). Pliura 4 Although these cutting-edge technologies provide us with life-saving information, they both have problems of their own (â€Å"CT Scan vs. MRI†). The major concern with a CT Scan is the radiation. At maximum power, a CT Scan can give radiation equal to 600 chest X-rays. This can lead to the possibility of cancer in some patients (Ryan). Rebecca Bindman, professor of radiology and one of the nation’s top experts in the risk of radiographs, states that a 20-year old women who gets an abdominal-pelvic CT Scan has a 1 in 250 chance of getting cancer from that single scan. The best estimates are that radiation from CT’s cause 29,000 excess cancers each year in the U. S. , and this is mostly in women. Nearly 60 million Americans will receive a CT Scan in a given year, and some experts suggest over one-third of these scans are unnecessary. This leads to the realization that if we could reduce the unnecessary scans, we could possibly reduce cancer (Wachter). Pregnant women are also not recommend to get a CT for the large amounts of radiation that could be exposed to the fetus. In some cases the X-rays of a CT Scan can actually damage the DNA of the developing fetus. Since the federal government has no regulations on the amount of radiation a patient receives during a CT, the referring physician decides the strength of the dose. This is why it’s critical a physician has the best understanding possible to only give the necessary amounts of radiation (Ryan). Although the MRI avoids radiation exposure, it’s not without problems either (Shiel). One of the downfalls of this machine is that it makes a tremendous amount of noise during the scan. The noise sounds like a continual, rapid hammering, and is due to the rising electrical currents being opposed by the magnetic field. People who are pregnant or obese most often Pliura 5 cannot fit into the MRI system (â€Å"MRI: Advantages and Disadvantages†). This is due to the very narrow tube the patient must be inserted into. Because of this some patients experience a claustrophobic sensation during the procedure (Shiel). In fact, 30% of patients admit to having some level of distress while having an MRI (â€Å"Claustrophobia and MRI†). The time required to complete an MRI examination is also not something to be excited about. While a CT Scan only takes 5 minutes, an MRI can sometimes take over 30 minutes to obtain an accurate read (â€Å"CT Scan vs.  MRI†). Since the scan takes so long, it requires patients to hold still for extended periods of time. This is why infants often cannot get an MRI; they are not able to hold still for a long enough period. Even slight movements of the part being scanned can cause distorted images which means the scanning has to be repeated (â€Å"MRI: Advan tages and Disadvantages†). The procedure of both scans have similarities and differences between them. For instance, both consist of a contrast dye that is injected into the scan area to enhance the definition (Ragavan). Additionally, during both procedures a medical attendant will be close by in case of emergency (Shiel). A moving couch is what actually moves the patient through the scanner of both machines. However, with a CT the person is moved through a hoop that has the shape of a very large doughnut. Whereas with a MRI, the moving couch moves the patient through a cylinder that nearly encloses the body. The scan’s results also differ in the fact that a CT’s results show up as a 2-dimensional image, whereas the magnetism of the MRI allows it to build up a 3-dimensional image of the body (Ragavan). The cost of each procedure is another aspect to consider carefully, especially if the cost is coming out-of-pocket. To put simply, CT Scans are much cheaper than MRI’s. CT’s cost Pliura 6 anywhere from $1,200-$3,200 while an MRI can cost up to $4,000. As a general rule, the MRI usually cost double what a CT Scan would cost. It becomes the patient’s choice as to whether they want to spend less on a lower-grade image or more on a higher-grade image. The cost of the machine itself also distinguishes the two machines. A very low end CT Scanner costs around $150,000, while a top-of-the-line CT Scanner can cost in upwards of $450,000. This is a small amount when compared to the $1 Million dollars most new MRI machines cost. Furthermore, some of the top-of-the-line MRI machines can cost almost $1. 5 Million. Both the CT and MRI will require annual maintenance, which can also cost tens of thousands of dollars (â€Å"CT Scan vs. MRI†). In conclusion, and as mentioned earlier, each scan operates in its own way and both are better suited for different types of diagnoses. Therefore, it is not which scan is better overall, rather, it’s which scan will best help the physician diagnose the patient for that particular case. Works Cited â€Å"Claustrophobia and MRI. † proscan. com. PDF file. â€Å"Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of the Body. † WebMD. WebMD, 21 Sept. 2012. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. â€Å"CT Scan vs. MRI. † Diffen. Diffen, 2014. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. â€Å"Magnetic Resonance Imaging. † WebMD. WebMD, 16 May 2011. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. Marieb, Elaine. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology. San Franciso, CA: Pearson Benjamenin Cummings, 2009. Print. â€Å"MRI: Advantages and Disadvantages. † Anapol Schwartz. Anapol Schwartz, 2008. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. Ragavan, Vijayan. â€Å"MRI and CT Scan The Differences. † Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 8 Jul. 2012. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. Ryan, David. â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of a CT Scan. † LIVESTRONG. com. Demand Media, 16 Aug. 2013. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. Shiel, William. â€Å"Magnetic Resonance Imaging. † MedicineNet. com. MedicineNet. com, 31 Jan. 2014. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. Wachter, Bob. â€Å"A Game-Changing Statistic: 1 in 250. † The Health Care Blog. The Health Care Blog, 11 Feb. 2011. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. â€Å"What is the Difference Between CT and MRI? † University MRI Diagnostic Imaging Centers. University MRI, 2004. Web. 10 Mar. 2014.

Critical race theory and Inequality-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Critical race theory and Inequality. Answer: Introduction to the theory The Critical race theory(CRT) has helped in determining the different kinds of inequalities based on the race and the positioning of the people in the society. It has helped in determining the cultures and the heritage of the people who are politically and suppressed people (Harris et al., 2012). It is a branch of the social sciences that deals with the knowledge of the society and its trends. Moreover, it also portrays the understanding of the different factors that has led to the inequalities in the society. The study of the theory helps in determining the driving forces that has affected the functioning of the power in the nation. The understanding of the different forms of inequalities has helped in the evolution of the theories for the better understanding of the conditions that has led to the inequalities in the nations. The major aspects of the change in the situation of the nation are based specifically on the different inequalities pertaining to the race, gender or the power . Purpose of the report The purpose of this discussion is to understand the different critical factors of the CRT theory and the manner in which it helps in understanding the situations of the racial discrimination and inequality in Australia. The theory not only reflects on the discrimination of the different races but also helps in determining the major role that is played by the political power of the nation in this connection. Race inequality in Australia The issues that are faced by the inhabitants and the new migrants of the nation are based on the factor of the inequality. The discrimination of the races and the culture of the people in terms of employability, education or other factors affect their lives. On the other hand, there are certain regulations that forbid the effects of the inequalities like Racial Discrimination Act 1975(RDA). The Racial Discrimination Act 1975(RDA) clearly stated that the discrimination among people based on the race, color, national or ethnic origin is unlawful (Kingsley et al., 2013). However, there are instances where the discrimination has affected the lives of the people largely based on the preferences of the employers influenced by the political support. The situation that is faced by the Aboriginals in the nation has affected their livelihood. The poor health and sanitation conditions and the employability of the people is affected through the inequality in the region. The uneven cash flow syst em has affected the development of the suppressed race of the region thereby affecting their healthy livelihood. According to DiGiacomo et al., (2013) the different aspects of the change in the society is based on the understanding of the challenges that are faced by the people due to the discrimination based on the race and the culture of the people. However, Browne-Yung et al., (2013) stated that the understanding of inequality is based on the political and the social influences that have affected the livelihood of the people living in the nation. The health conditions of the indigenous people are affected through the inequality that is faced by the people living in the diverse regions of the nation. Kelaher (2014) stated that some 22% of the people face a growth in the mortality rate of the people living in the different sections of the society. On the other hand, the determination of the different situations that are faced by them has helped in the understanding of the ill effects of the racial discrimination. The race inequality in the society has affected the functioning of the people and the livelihoods of the same. Cunningham and Paradies (2013) stated that the employability of the people is affected through the inequality in the society. On the other hand, the educational systems and the other facilities are not provided to the people based on the functioning of the inequality. The political power of the nation is recently taking steps in order to amend the required changes in favor of the deprived people. The major asp ects of the change in the structure and the functioning of the legislative body have helped in determining the level of inequality and the adverse effects that are faced by the people relating to the same. The link between the theory and the scenario The theory has helped in determining the different aspects of the change in the structure and the functioning of the political systems in order to determine the level of inequality and racism to which the people of the nation is subjected to. The uneven cash flow and the liquidity of the same has affected the livelihood of the people living in the region. Aspin et al., (2012) stated that the livelihood of the people is dependent on determining the different aspects of the change in the society, which is characterized by inequality. The theory has helped in the understanding of the aspects of the inequality that is affecting the practices and the lifestyle of the people living in the Australian society. The determination of the racial discrimination has affected the societal change that the government of the nation seeks to undertake (Durey Thompson, 2012). The employability of the people and the rendering of the facilities that are amended to the people living in the city are not pr ovided to the people living at the outskirts of the nation. On the other hand, the understanding of the subtle changes in the society is determined through the proper evaluation of the situation of the society in the nation. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be stated that the proper identification of the issues relating to the inequalities in the society is clearly determined through the theories. The Critical race theory(CRT) has helped in the understanding of the situation of the Australian society and the racial discrimination that has affected the lives of the indigenous and Strait Islander people of the nation. the issues that are faced by the same is also enumerated as a part of the report for the proper understanding of the concepts of the inequality and the manner in which it affects the livelihood of the people living in the nation. References Aspin, C., Brown, N., Jowsey, T., Yen, L., Leeder, S. (2012). Strategic approaches to enhanced health service delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with chronic illness: a qualitative study.BMC health services research,12(1), 143. Browne-Yung, K., Ziersch, A., Baum, F., Gallaher, G. (2013). Aboriginal Australians' experience of social capital and its relevance to health and wellbeing in urban settings.Social Science Medicine,97, 20-28. Cunningham, J., Paradies, Y. C. (2013). Patterns and correlates of self-reported racial discrimination among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, 200809: analysis of national survey data.International journal for equity in health,12(1), 47. DiGiacomo, M., Davidson, P. M., Abbott, P., Delaney, P., Dharmendra, T., McGrath, S. J., ... Vincent, F. (2013). Childhood disability in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: a literature review.International journal for equity in health,12(1), 7. Durey, A., Thompson, S. C. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus.BMC health services research,12(1), 151. Harris, A. P., Crenshaw, K., Gotanda, N., Peller, G., Thomas, K. (2012). Critical race theory.International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences. Kelaher, M. A. (2014). Experiencing racism in health care: the mental health impacts for Victorian Aboriginal communities.Education,55(56), 8-3. Kingsley, J., Townsend, M., Henderson-Wilson, C., Bolam, B. (2013). Developing an exploratory framework linking Australian Aboriginal peoples connection to country and concepts of wellbeing.International journal of environmental research and public health,10(2), 678-698.