marketing Essay -- essays research papers

Advertising CONCEPT: The wide meaning of promoting portrays it as the blend of all exercises intended to produce and encourage any trade planned to fulfill human needs and needs. For this situation, Kumar plans to advertise Swift’s sprinter shoes to Bangladesh. For effective showcasing of the item, Swift needs to set up an advertising plan which comprises of different apparatuses like the 4 P’s of promoting, target promoting, division, situating and so on. The limited time blend is likewise figured which comprises of publicizing, direct selling, deals advancement and so on which helps in the advancement of the item.  â â â â The showcasing rule or idea : The focal thought is the ‘matching’ between a company’s abilities and the different needs of the purchasers to accomplish the targets of the two players. (McDonald, 1999). It is additionally characterized as the way of thinking of working together that accentuates client direction and coordination of promoting exercises so as to accomplish the organization’s objectives. The administration of the showcasing blend comprises of the different apparatuses and methods that are accessible to advertisers so as to execute the promoting guideline. The showcasing arranging process is essentially clarified as a methodical way, or an intelligent arrangement of distinguishing a scope of alternatives, picking not many of them, booking them, setting the advertising goals and the definition of plans for accomplishing them. Promoting arranging is fundamental for the best possible running or any association thinking about the perplexing and threatening condition for the working organization. Every one of the run of the mill targets that the organizations set, for example, boosting factors like benefit, rate of return, income and limiting expenses has their own extraordinary intrigue to the various administrators relying upon the idea of their specific capacity. (Mill operator and Layton, 2000) THE 4 P’S OF MARKETING : Advertising blend †Defined as the mix of components, for example, item, estimating structure, dissemination framework and limited time exercises that are utilized to fulfill the requirements of an organization’s target showcase and achieving the firm’s goals. When entering an outside market, the organization has the decision of seeking after fundamental advertising blend choices, for example, the blend stays unaltered, certain components could be changed or an absolutely new blend can be figured. (Keegan and Green, 1997) Thes... ...ntry †Bangladesh. The report builds up the advertising blend, depicts the item identifies with all the 4 P’s of promoting. It additionally makes the limited time blend comprising of components, for example, publicizing, deals advancement, direct selling of the running shoes to the universal market. Distinctive advertising apparatuses and ideas, for example, division and situating of the item have additionally been considered in this report. REFERENCES : Dommermuth, W.P. (1989) Promotion: Analysis, Creativity and Strategy (second ed.) PWS-KENT Publishing Company, Boston Keegan W.J. and Green, M.C (1997) Principles Of Global Marketing. Prentice Hall, New Jersey Kiel, G., Lusch, R.F., McColl-Kennedy, J.R. and Lusch, V.N. (1992) Marketing Concepts And Strategies (first ed.) Thomas Nelson, South Melbourne. Lamont, D. (1996) Global Marketing (first ed.) Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. McDonald, M. (1999) Marketing Plans: How To Prepare Them, How To Use Them. (fourth ed.) Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford Mill operator and Layton (2000) Fundamentals Of Marketing (fourth ed.) McGraw-Hill Company, Boston. Paliwoda, S.J and Thomas, M.J (1998) International Marketing (third ed.) Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford

Films As A Form Of Mass Media Media Essay

Movies As A Form Of Mass Media Essay When was the last time we spent without media. From the time we get up till we hit the hay some type of media is being a piece of us. One of the early and significant parts of correspondence started with the exploration in broad communications and its effect on open. Such sort of investigates started in late nineteenth century and twentieth century. The Birmingham place embraced social examinations investigation on crowd. They engendered the possibility that the financial life-circumstance of the crowd, their instruction, class, standing, sexual orientation, ethnic and language position needed to fill in as condition to comprehend the significance they make of the media items. During the 1990s Straut Hall reclassified the Media Product work as far as its being a structure of predominance in culture. Todays society is one that is formed and shaped by the broad communications. Fundamentally, culture is just a result of the broad communications. Anyway there was noteworthy change in this field of social examinations in the year 1980s to 1990s, which managed the confusion of the model of culture as a site of domineering contestation between the predominant and the subordinate gathering. The speculations identified with culture and correspondence have portrayed how the areas of particular social gatherings influences their correspondence with the progression of area (of the social gathering) been sorted based on shading, class, sexes and sexual direction. This prompted the investigation of these minority bunches in an unexpected way. The transformation and change in the sixties and seventies incorporated a dynamic sexual insurgency helped by the women's activist development. It was one of the defining moments for the investigation of eccentric hypothesis and culture. This adjustment in the social examinations when all is said in done and homosexuality specifically accompanied the development of radical understanding of eccentr ic hypothesis which began from gay and lesbian investigations as a post-current translation of homosexuality. Before the begetting of the term strange hypothesis, the investigation of degenerate sexuality was called as gay and lesbian examinations. 1.1 MASS MEDIA Broad communications is a type of media which is tended to for enormous crowds (masses). It very well may be any type of media, communicate, for example, TV or radio, films, print media, for example, papers, magazines, handouts and so forth. In todays age web media can likewise be considered as broad communications in light of the fact that most these current Medias use web media to have a favorable position of the accessible medium in numerous areas of the world. This medium can be named as the intelligent media. To comprehend broad communications first and significant advance is to get correspondence. (Biagi, 1992) Correspondence is characterized as a demonstration of sending or accepting or getting messages or importance when conveyed starting with one individual then onto the next. At the point when correspondence is characterized in importance to broad communications it very well may be called as a brought together type of correspondence. Wallace.C.Fortheringham A procedure of including the determination, creation, and transmission of signs so as to enable a recipient to see a significance like that in the brain of the communicator. (Andal.N, 1998) Correspondence through broad communications is known as mass correspondence. Mass correspondence implies utilizing a type of broad communications to convey messages promptly to a huge gathering of individuals. Broad communications today has gotten one of the famous media as it centers around the noticeable stories which will hold any importance with the overall population crowds. It is an enormous industry the same number of individuals everywhere throughout the world depend on it for some reason or the other. Broad communications today has gotten one of the most basic pieces of human social orders. Understanding broad communications for the most part is a procedure of understanding a populace and its way of life. These are the instruments of huge scope fabricates and the conveyance of data and related messages. Medium is the message. (Marshall, 1964). This implies broad communications are advancements however they are likewise messages. Todays present day broad communications have a few capacities like those satisfied by the conventional media in some antiquated social orders. Western present day scholar, for example, Denis McQuail distinguished the three significant elements of a broad communications that is 1) surveivallance of condition 2) translation of the data and 3) transmission of legacy. Be that as it may, in todays age mass medias significant capacities are data, amusement, promoting and improvement. (Dennis, 1998) In spite of the fact that these might be the elements of broad communications it doesn't really imply that crowd will see broad communications for similar reasons. In the book The Play Theory of Mass Communication, William Stephenson contends that fun is both the best effect and furthermore the open help of the broad communications. So for barely any broad communications may be for time-fillers, for some to satisfy their mental and social needs, not many for data and diversion. This implies individuals will see media the manner in which they need and as indicated by their preferences. Broad communications in India has been a significant part of the general public. Its here that media isn't devoured for one specific reason however it is expended for all, for example, data, TV, discussions, news, tattles, and visits, mental or some other. Indian broad communications industry has very surely known the social orders outlook and they as needs be produce the media items. Its just here where the conventional types of correspondence despite everything exist and it likewise considered being a broad communications, model: Folk media. 1.2 EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA Media impacts mean various things to various individuals, for instance for a clinician impacts will mean mental, for a communist it will be social so along these lines impacts varies from individual to individual. Impacts can be grouped in different kinds and degrees as present moment, long haul or profound, significant or shallow. Whoever says the main word to the world is in every case right said Joseph Goebbels, a mass correspondence expert of loathsome capacity. (Klapper, 1960) . Mass correspondence is profoundly successful in making perspectives on recently emerged or recently evoked issues and that the perspective previously communicated will beat later enticing correspondence in the nation. Media impacts have been discussed and investigated for a considerable length of time together. The broad communications has become such a significant perspective and an ordinary piece of the general public that many neglect to understand the massive effect made by it on the general public, viewpoints, for example, political, financial and social. Broad communications today make people groups mind more generalization and ideological. They don't let individuals have their own observation about the world rather they cause open to see what they think. For instance the transgender. Medias depiction of transgender has consistently been humorous, sad or untouchables because of which the general public additionally differs to acknowledge them as a piece of them. This idea is called as the plan setting. Media makes a plan and sets its on the right track into the publics head and doesn't permit them to reexamine over any of the data gave by it. The work by Harold Lasswell World Outside and the Picture Inside which was the purpose behind the rise of the hypothesis plan setting additionally says; what open has as a main priority is entirely unexpected from the real viewpoints. Walter Lippmann and Boas research on media says that media was one-sided and emotional and not objective. And yet media effectsly affects the social orders too. It s simply because of broad communications the world has come nearer and universal and national data are arriving at each area of the world. Media impacts are in two different ways 1) the individual impacts and the cultural impacts. Today individuals invest more energy in associating with broad communications. Of the roughly 40 hours of the seven day stretch of extra time accessible to average individual, 15 hours or 38 percent are spent staring at the TV said Robinson and Goodbey 1997:126. (Ryan Wentworth, 1999). This is additional time when contrasted with different side interests or open air exercises of a person in their available time. Since individuals invest a significant part of the energy with broad communications there develops a passionate inclusion and those are regularly authored to be negative. As these individual impacts are hard to show observationally. In this equivalent way are the cultural impacts, where media sway is straight on the general public itself and our social world. In any case, these cultural impacts are simpler to see than the individual impacts. Media impacts can be both positive and negative impacts. Media assumes a significant job in changing the general sentiments since they have significant access to individuals and this in the end invigorates a ton of to media. This quality can either be utilized in a constructive manner as in instructing individuals or in an unconstructive path by deceiving the guiltless individuals. Media has the ability to change the entire society particularly in creating nations it can turn into a weapon of mass annihilation. For instance : 26/11 Bombay assault media assumed both positive job in illuminating the general public about second to second happenings of the assault simultaneously media likewise assumed a job of making disarray for the legislature and helping the fear based oppressor with data. Media men approach individuals and they have a group of people. 1.3 FILMS AS A FORM OF MASS MEDIA The movie today is the best mode of articulation the world has ever known. [It is] equipped for giving life and structure to all thoughts, viable and enthusiastic Its solitary constraint [is] human inventiveness said by John.F.Kennedy, A.S.C, 1930. (Sanders Norris, 2001). John.F.Kennedy was an innovator and an American cinematographer. Another impression in the sand of correspondence is after the innovation of movies. Film or film a type of Mass Media has become an amazing asset since the day it was acquainted with the world. Cinematographic got from the Greek word meaning development and composing was concocted by the Lumeire Brothers. In 1929, The Lights of Newyork the principal talking film was screened. Film came to India in 1986, when the movie Pundalik coordinated by R.G.Torn

Coaches and Players Relationships Essay -- essays research papers fc

Discoveries      After perusing these three articles between how mentors and players don't coexist with them assaulting one another and when a player accomplishes something horrible and the mentor protects them. We as a whole have been in a circumstance where we would prefer not to be conversed with by a relative or companion since he had a terrible day, yet when you carry that demeanor to a game or practice now and then the player or mentor my lose their levelheadedness. Which occurred in the three articles that I read, managing Latrell Sprewell gagged his mentor PJ Carlesimo during training, mentor Bobby Knight stifled one of his own players Neil Reed, and when Rick Carlisle safeguarded Ron Artest and different players he instructed after the fight in Detroit. In perusing those articles I feel that they disclosed to me that there is either a terrible, serious, or great connection between a player and mentor. The one with Sprewell and Carlesimo, Sprewell who appeared at training late that day gagged his mentor Carlesimo on the grounds that Carlesimo needed to know where he has been for being late. In spite of the fact that in the article it expresses that racial remarks were said to Sprewell, however later discovered that there were nothing of the sort. So Sprewell was terminated by the Golden State Warriors, the group he played for at that point, and was suspended by the NBA for the rest of the period. In the article about Bobby Knight gagging his player Neil Reed, it was halftime during a game when Bobby Knight was all the while training the Indiana University’s men’s ball group and Knight was so annoyed with his players that the one player Neil Reed said something to Knight and Knight followed him and began stifling him. After the news broke out about that occurrence the Indiana University’s President fined Bobby Knight $30,000 and suspended him three games. In the last article I read mentor Rick Carlisle safeguards Ron Artest’s ac tivities against the Detroit Pistons fan that tossed a cup of lager at him and afterward Artest followed him in that fight we as a whole caught wind of. It expresses that Carlisle feels that Ron Artest is an incredible player that he ought to get more regard from mentors, players, and fans however he’s not due to his activities on and off the court. Rick Carlisle and Ron Artest however had an awful beginning to this year when Artest requested downtime to advance his new collection coming out. With that information Rick Carlisle still d... ...s I expressed before I am a mentor, and subsequent to perusing these articles I have certainly taken in a great deal from every one of these occurrences and circumstances. Mentors and players need to set up a cordial, serious relationship. What I mean by that will be that when you are off the field or court you can be companions, you know joke with one another and make some great memories, however when you get onto that field or court the time has come to go to work and that recess is finished and you have to quit fooling around to support your group and colleagues contend at a significant level of rivalry. On the off chance that you don't have this sort of relationship with your mentors and players then I feel that your season as a group will turn into a complete catastrophe, since you most likely can't believe each other when you go out to play the game. So that’s why I feel that the mentor, player relationship will assist or not a group in their period of play. Book index Freinstein, John. A Season on the Brink. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. 1989. Jackson, Nicholas. â€Å"Sprewell Gives Athletes a Bad Name.† 23 March 1997. http://archive.com/media/1997/12/10media.html. Longley, Barry. â€Å"Carlisle Sounds off on Detroit Brawl.† 22 November 2004. http://www.indianapolispacers.com.

Winters Bone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Winters Bone - Essay Example Ree embarks to search for her dad, where she experiences the universe of a medication client as his dad is a medication maker, and Ree winds up counseling the nearby wrongdoing chief. She is informed that her dad kicked the bucket in a met lab fire or could have left town to keep away from the preliminary for which he is temporarily free from jail. Ree’s father neglects to appear for preliminary and the bondsman searches for Ree and advises her that there is about seven days before their property is seized, where she at that point clarifies her discoveries about her dad being dead. Ree then visits the nearby wrongdoing supervisor again to get some information about her dad and gets a beating by the boss’s ladies, who at that point offer to show her dad’s bones. They assume him to the position where takes her father’s severely rotting body, which she takes to the sheriff, and she gets the bond and her uncle Teardrop discloses to her he realizes who murdered her dad. This dismal film harps on the issues of family and medications, just as wrongdoing overall and how the two indecencies influence a family. The medications influence Ree’s family in that her family becomes useless after the charging of his dad because of being a piece of a methamphetamine producing ring. The impacts on the family go further in that even Ree’s uncles are a piece of the medications world to the point that they can't have an influence in helping Ree to discover her dad. Moreover, the topic of medications is likewise found in the job of the nearby wrongdoing manager whose ladies are on drugs as well, for which Ree’s father is murdered. Comparable to wrongdoing, the neighborhood wrongdoing chief, is by all accounts mindful of all events spinning the exercises and whereabouts of Ree’s father. This is as found for the situation where he alludes to Ree’s father as having kicked the bucket in a fire or even left town to stay away from charges. Wrongdoing proceeds to be depicted in the homicide of Ree’s father, where they discover his remaining parts under a vessel. The issue of family is likewise appeared in how Ree is devoted to ensuring her family even at a youthful age, where she

People And High Performance Organizations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Developing People And High Performance Organizations? Answer: Introducation In the generally well known ventures, it is seen that a serious feel inside the association is to some degree strengthening and different associations ought to build up some center skills assets and creative abilities to encourage them to contend in todays ever-changing business setting. It very well may be said that, Globalization as more prominent than before spread of innovation and access to the associated assets make customary wellsprings of upper hand simpler to reproduce, and in this way making it harder for different associations to separate themselves from the opposition (Katzenbach and Smith 2015). As the speed of progress and the degree of vulnerability builds, the key reasoning turns out to be increasingly crucial. Therefore perceiving those difficulties a few associations are progressively stressing HR as one of the key wellsprings of upper hand in their associations. The principle focal point of changing the human asset administrations job from a receptive capacity, foc ussed by the operational needs of the association to a particular key capacity wherein a deliberate methodology is locked in towards the coordination of worker the executives that intends to be aligned with and conductive to achieve the associations vital destinations. The vital human asset the board is the point at which the associations take strategical choices in their human asset practice alongside focuses of achievement of the monetary objectives of their investors, the fulfillment of workforce just as their social authenticity. In this manner to viably make equal Human asset the executives with such systems, the associations ought to evaluate how their contemporary HRM approaches, practices and activities are arranged just as how these are completely associated with and can include some an incentive towards accomplishing key destinations (Boso, Story and Cadogan 2013). The administration of such associations must consider the way that which human asset practices and assets are basic to their companys execution, and recognize the holes stuck among accessible and required HR and decide Human asset the board techniques to determine those holes and add to create upper hand. It is additionally observed that a few pros in this field, characterized key human asset the board as making the HR division mindful of the associations business technique and organizing the HR practices to help these (Blackman et al., 2012). Numerous researchers expressed that a few associations progressively rely upon the viable administration of human capital for achievement of the associations. Through sharing is procedure improvement and considering the subsequent operational results, HRM can successfully adjust, plan and configuration activities to best fit the objectives and in this manner better add to the associations serious capacities. Being aware of the companys human capital, instruction, information and different proficiencies, HR administrators can choose whether this capital would require upgraded capacities through preparing and improvement or by means of enrollment and choice of new workers (Spreitzer and Porath 2012). The accessible information inside an associations human capital is most potentially the huge foundation of all the upper hands. The difficulties for the organizations must be to change the verifiable information found in representatives into express information on the association. Fundamentally, human asset advancement is an element of vital HRM developed for different associations that work in a progressively multifaceted and unusual conditions. Moreover, a few regions of key human asset advancement and execution examination in key HRM are interlinked with HRD such that they cover and supplement one another. Human capital just as different assets can be handily produced inside the organization or, in all likelihood can be obtained from different outer providers (Parmenter 2015). There are assortments of meanings of HRD in the writing, and the trouble of a direct HRD definition and model starts in with the commitments to the subject from a wide scope of researchers and scientists in certain zones, as modern relations, training, brain science, the executives and designing. Numerous contemporary researchers limits it down to three fundamental chief bases; those are, grown-up learning framework, significant elements of HRD at working environment learning framework hypothesis and brain research. The outside condition is checked by an associations vital arrangement and HRD must be guided by this which can be found in the flexibly and requirements of the neighborhood work, political and lawful circumstances in the outer condition (Schleicher 2012). It is additionally a reality that, the requirement for checking the residential condition and those HRD officials needs to watch out for a companys quality control framework, monetary framework, wiped out leave figures, security reports, execution evaluation frameworks and a general administrative perceptions. These are the territories that give human asset advancement administrators an early admonition of regions those need consideration. HRD the board has four essential stages, and those are, the examination stage, the execution stage, the plan stage lastly, the assessment stage. The examination stage is, where, the requirements of the organizations are explored and recognized. At that point in the plan stage, the points are analy zed alongside the targets and the substance those are to be educated. The phase of usage is comprised of the administration and coordination of the program and the leading of organized or unstructured learning methodologies (Parmenter 2015). The last assessment stage can utilize a scope of disparate models to evaluate the degree and viability of the expected learning. In this issue, it is seen that the organizations apply a flexibly fasten model so as to conjecture its human asset request. This model includes two ways to deal with address the vulnerability on the interest side by looking at purchase versus settle on choices and how to decrease chance sought after estimating ,(Patel, Messersmith and Lepak 2013). Notwithstanding that, it is perceived how this model proposes two different methodologies on the flexibly side where the associations must consider the arrival on adventure in HR advancement alongside securing the speculation by producing the interior chances to give guarantee that the abilities support inside the organization. It is seen that, there are various meanings of the key HRD found, and the essential contrast between the HRD and vital HRD, and the last one effectively adds to a companys vital arranging and ensures the improvement of the center abilities. The fundamental reason for the HRD in center competency the board is one of include illuminating the key arranging methodology, distinguish, and ensure the center skills (Patel, Messersmith and Lepak 2013). A few specialists state that HRD is a help work, and then again, it is seen that HRD is one of the key worth making exercises. The HR directors will require a complete comprehension of the vital destinations and how those can add to the companys systems and points. It is seen that different officials battle to find the center abilities and the upper hand that HRD can acquire to their organization (Kehoe and Wright 2013_. There are four fundamental difficulties in confronting vital HRD, and the essential one is the nearness of acknowledgment inside the organization. It is additionally a self evident truth that HRD by and large remains missing in the meeting room gatherings and other initiative positions, which may be credited to the apparent absence of significance, commitment and effect on the procedure and primary concerns. Once in a while it is likewise observed that, HRD experts couldn't persuade hierarchical pioneers of the vital worth that their calling can acquire just as the failure to build up the techniques required to incorporate HRD the board in organizations (Scheerens 2012). Notwithstanding that , it is perceived how HRD experts couldn't present a useful profit for the speculation model. The absence of clear HRD character is the biggest attributer of these difficulties. In this way to close, it tends to be said that an appropriately adjusted vital way to deal with HRD must assume a vital job inside an organization contributing headway towards authoritative targets and a general serious achievement and favorable circumstances. It involves actuality, which numerous specialists recommend that accessible information inside an associations human asset can rise as a base of all the upper hands. This paper weights on the major methodologies to achieve upper hand utilizing the HRD and furthermore reveals insight into the need of the proactive idea of the HR chiefs inside the association. In numerous associations HRD is confronting issues with respect to its own importance at times, as exceptionally less individuals has the fitting thought of HRD and exercises of HRD and its adequacy. In this way, in short it very well may be said that, when an association successfully suggests HRD needs as indicated by the methodologies they have picked, they would taste th e achievement and would clearly develop as an incredible association in a matter of moments. References Blackman, D.A., Buick, F., O'Donnell, M., O'Flynn, J.L. also, West, D., 2012. Growing superior: Performance the executives in the Australian Public Service. Boso, N., Story, V.M. what's more, Cadogan, J.W., 2013. Pioneering direction, advertise direction, organize ties, and execution: Study of enterprising firms in a creating economy.Journal of Business Venturing,28(6), pp.708-727. Boxall, P., 2012. High?performance work frameworks: what, why, how and for whom?.Asia Pacific Jou

A New Time, A New Place

A New Time, A New Place Happy New Year to all of you! I spent a good 30 minutes this morning hogging wifi and using the textplus app on my iTouch to wish my friends back home a happy 2011; I would’ve wished them in person â€" except I’m in India ? And that happens to be just a little too far away, haha. Following two flight cancellations, some in-flight meal confusion, a missed train, a last-minute bus ticket purchase, and some serious luggage-lifting, I made my way last week to a small rural area of India called Anaikatti. Since then, I’ve been here with my mom and grandma; it’s absolutely gorgeous: The beauty of this place is reason enough to be here â€" but the actual purpose of my visit to Anaikatti is to work at one of the tribal hospitals in this region, assessing its needs and trying to figure out a way I can help. It’s been an amazing experience so far. The doctors at the hospital are incredibly nice to me and patiently explain everything, regardless of how many questions I ask. Yesterday, I was given the chance to watch two deliveries! The first was a C-section: SO. COOL. The anesthesiologist in the operation theater walked me through every step of the procedure. Midway through his explanation, I passed out, lol. I have nooo idea why; according to the anesthesiologist, I curled myself up in the fetal position and had no pulse for a good 40-50 seconds. He said the likely cause of my fainting, given my general bravado in the O.T. and clear lack of discomfort around blood, was over-excitement…Who the heck passes out because they’re too excited? Gah, I’m so weird -_-‘ Haha, my C-Section outfit Baby! Anywayy. The second delivery was a normal one, and â€" despite the patients shrill screams and blood â€" completely devoid of any fainting spells. Thank goodness: two in one day would just be embarrassing. Only 1.6 kg Things I learned yesterday: (1) Sometimes passing out is not preceded by little black dots dancing around. (2) Scrubs are ridiculously comfortable. (3) Anesthesia is godly. Yesterday, we asked the patient if she was okay during the operation, and she just said (in Tamil), “Yeah, I’m good. A little sleepy though” â€" no mention whatsoever of the gaping fissure across her abdomen. All because of a little shot. I was impressed. Aside from working at the hospital, I’ve also made a couple trips out of Anaikatti with a mobile medical van. Each time, we visit about five villages, some as far as 100 km away. At these various locales, we distribute medicines to patients; the medical van staff generally consists of one driver, one doctor, and two nurses. Each foray out to the villages is a tiring, full-day endeavor â€" but it’s truly meaningful work. Without this medical van, many tribal individuals would not receive any medical care. I’ve seen patients with breast cancer, extreme malnutrition, and wounds that haven’t healed in months. It’s a humbling experience, seeing all of this. At every second, I’m reminded of how lucky I am. Doctor Sivaraj, with a patient And that’s part of the reason I want to give back to this community. I’ve been taking a lot of notes, and the notebook I brought with me to India is already half-full. For a rural-tribal hospital, this Anaikatti facility is fantastic, with a complete array of medical equipment: x-ray, ultrasound, blood testing, dental machinery, and even a telemedicine center. However, one of the biggest problems with both the hospital and medical van is the high doctor and nurse turnover. As such, the nurses are always “in training” and not “trained.” Based on everything I’ve observed, I’ve come up with a mini-training program to help develop some of the nurses’ skills, and I’m hoping it has a visible impact on the quality of care administered at this hospital. I’ve had a lot of feedback and help from the doctors at the hospital to develop this idea â€" and now, I’ll just have to see how it goes ? In any case â€" I wish you all a wonderful year ahead, and I hope none of you partied too hard last night =P I just recently discovered wifi here in Anaikatti, so I promise more stories (hopefully, no more consisting of me losing consciousness) as time goes on. Oh â€" and RA applicants: good luck!

Promoting Creativity in Organisation A Case Study of Tivoli Anglo-Chinese Kindergarten - 3850 Words

Promoting Creativity in Organisation: A Case Study of Tivoli Anglo-Chinese Kindergarten (Essay Sample) Content: PROMOTING CREATIVITY IN ORGANISATION: A CASE STUDY OF TIVOLI ANGLO-CHINESE KINDERGARTEN Name Class Name Course Name Supervisorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Name Institution Date Submitted A Dissertation Submitted to the (insert University Name) in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Human Resource in (Course) INTRODUCTION In the modern age, creativity is considered to be the most essential and significant life skill since it is a compulsory element towards solving social, political, and economical issues; hence it is necessary that it is fostered through the education system (Burnard and White, 2008; Kampylis, 2010). Creative organizations, in the United Kingdom and other parts of the universe, are gaining the competitive advantage, thus leading the economic sector, and hence, progressing faster than the rest in the same economic sectors (Florida, 2002). Pink (2005) affirmed that creative thinking is a key asset of human capital, and as well as a resource of healthy social and emotional development. Philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle championed and decried creativity as the most concept of study (Starko, 2005). According to Plato, creativity relied to the external source and supernatural concept, but Aristotle argued that creative procedure agrees with the comprehendible mystical laws (Starko, 2 005, p.47). Despite, the educational backgrounds worldwide being distinctive and possessing several challenges, fostering studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ creative thinking through the education system is significant because it the key education target (Kampylis, 2010). The paper will provide a better understanding about the teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ beliefs on creativity, and the methods that they integrate to impact creativity in students. Additionally, the paper will define creativity in relation to teachers and how it can be integrated in an organization by the Human resource management. 1 Development of the research problem According to Kampylis, Berki, and Saariluoma (2009), the teachers in the education system play an important role when it comes to creativity because they are the initial role models and mentors to the students. Additionally, the students get to spend most of the time with the teachers. Both Aljughaiman and Mowrer-Reynolds (2005), state that the significance of supporting and offering the creative learning opportunities in a standard classroom is well recognized. Nevertheless, there have been several oppositions stating that the creative potential is not nurtured completely in the classrooms as it is supposed to be (Andilou and Murphy, 2010; Sawyer, 2010). The classrooms are established to be the ideal learning environment to explore the creativities levels of the students to the fullest. Several researchers such as Beghetto and Kaufman (2010) have pointed out that the teachers tend to perceive creative characters and behaviours with negative attitudes despite they perception of valui ng it (Andiliou and Murphy, 2010; Fleith, 2000) The reason why the teachers possess zero tolerance towards creative behaviours is that the students have the audacity of challenging them. Therefore, several teachers have adapted mechanisms that inhibit or limit the creativity expression and the exploration of the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ full potential (Alencar, 2002, p. 15). For instance, the teachers have always assumed that creativity is a rare generic human trait (Kampylis, 2010), despite several theories concerning creativity emphasizing that every individual possess creativity and can be explored to its full potential under a conducive environment. Similarly, Craft (2003) posits that the teachers associate creativity with subjects such as art, drama, music and often perceive creativity in rigorous activities such as playing, mathematics, and science as irrelevant. Although, several researchers (Craft, 2005; Starko, 2005) have argued that creative learning is contained in all existing school subject and curriculum areas. In short, teachers have a narrow concept concerning creativity and possess misconceptions concerning the topic. Kampylis (2010) noticed that the teachers are having an issue whereby they do not realize the effects that are yielded by their inconsistency and subjectivity concerning the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ creativity. Nevertheless, the attention detrimental towards the teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s creativity in the classroom limits the ability to face the misconceptions and the theories they hold concerning creativity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s belief when creativity is concerned and determine the several strategies that the teachers could incorporate to promote creativity in the classrooms. The study also identifies several gaps when it comes to the case study of Tivoli Anglo-Chinese Kindergarten and the strategies enacted to accommodate creativity from the local and international students. 1 Research Objectives, Designs, and Questions According to researchers such as Beghetto and Plucker (2006), it is significant to study and evaluate how teachers perceive creativity so that we can create an opportunity for creativity in the classroom. Teachers who have embraced creativity have achieved to shun the negative stereotypes and misconceptions concerning creativity, which has resulted in them creating a room for creativity in their standard programs (Beghetto and Kaufman, 2010). The research employed the use of in person open-ended interview with the teachers who are involved directly and indirectly with the pre-schoolers creativity class. The purpose of using the qualitative method was to ensure that the information provided is not limited and the teachers can express themselves regarding the creativity concern. The aim of the study was to examine the teachers of the Tivoli Anglo-Chinese Kindergarten and evaluate their beliefs concerning creativity especially in pre-schoolers, the activities they have integrated to foster creativity to the children who are uninterested in learning, the personal, and the environmental factors that influence the creative learning of the students. The specific objectives concerning the study included (1) to define creativity in depth, (2) to evaluate the teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ beliefs and contribution towards the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ creativity, (3) to evaluate in depth the strategies enacted by the teachers to foster creativity in students, (4) to assess the personal and environmental factors that influence the creative learning of the students. Therefore, the study was supposed to respond to the following queries: RQ1: what is creativity? RQ2: What are the beliefs and contributions enacted by these teachers towards creativity? RQ3: What strategies are these teachers implementing to foster creativity in students in their standard learning environment? RQ4: What personal and environmental factors tend to influence creativity in students? The hypotheses provided for the study were: H1: The teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ creative capability tends to foster positively original characters in the classes. H2: The teachers' belief about creativity, positively influence the students learning environments. H3: The teachers who possess positive ideas and creative ability tend to foster creative skills in students, unlike the teachers who are negative stereotypes and have misconceptions about creativity. 1 Contributions to the Study In theoretical contributions, the study aimed at providing in-depth information concerning creativity in institutions and organizations. Additionally, the study aimed at providing a framework concerning the teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ beliefs and the theories guiding the teachers in the schools. In practice, the study can enlighten the educators on the necessary measures required to boost creativity in the classrooms. Feldhusen (1980, pp.553), state that despite, the experiences the teachers have accumulated over the years concerning creativity, it is necessary to introduce special pieces of training and programs to sharpen their creativity potential. LITERATURE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an analysis of the study concerning creativeness in organizations including the preschools. The discussion begins by defining what is creativity, explanation of creativity in preschool, how it is enhanced in children, the importance of creativity to pre-schoolers, and finally, how the human resource management can promote creativity in their organizations to ensure they have the competitive advantage. Furthermore, it is a detailed review and ensures there are clarity one specific techniques and procedures that can enhance creativity in general to all organizations. The creativity in pre-schoolers is discussed in relation to child-teacher interaction. Creativity Sharp (2001) explained that most scholars have debated on the definitions of creativity and it has not be forthcoming. A quick outline concerning the field results in a conclusion that the definitions of creativity have proved to be challenging. Therefore, the guide that will assist us concerns the application of creativity to young children. Creativity pertains three Ps of a person involving in a creative procedure that result in an original product. Most theorists have concluded that several components are involved in the creative process. The most significant element of creativeness includes originality. Creativity is the capability of coming up with ideas that have not been developed before, they have to be novel or unique. Most philosophers have also supported that creativity has the reactions of inventive activity, can generate a pool of concepts (productivity), the application of knowledge and resourcefulness to a challenging condition (problem solving), and capability to crea te a valuable result. Furthermore, the theorists have gone to an extent of stat...

How to Make Yellow or Golden Fire

Most flames from candles or wood burning fire are yellow, but you can color a blue flame so that it will become yellow. Heres what you do. Chemicals That Produce Yellow Fire Yellow can be caused by the temperature of a flame, but it can also come from the emission spectrum of a chemical as it is heated. Typically, this is caused by the presence of sodium in a fuel. You can produce a yellow fire by adding any of these common sodium compounds to a fire: Sodium chloride (table salt)Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)Sodium carbonate (washing soda) Making Yellow Fire The yellow emission spectrum from sodium is so intense, you really dont need to add sodium to most materials to produce a yellow flame. However, if you want to intensify the yellow color, you can add salt to your fuel. Most of the chemicals that produce yellow fire are soluble in water. Dissolve any of the salts in a very small amount of water or in rubbing alcohol, which is a mixture of alcohol and water. Mix the sodium solution with your fuel (e.g., naphtha, alcohol) to add yellow color to a blue or colorless flame.

Analysis Of The Story Sonny s Blues By James Baldwin

In reading the story Sonny s Blues by James Baldwin, we learn of two brothers and their lives growing up in Harlem. The narrator, who is the older brother in the story, narrates the trials and tribulations he and his younger brother (Sonny) had to endure growing up in such a harsh environment in Harlem (due to the drugs, violence, and Black s being looked down upon in general in the mid-1950s). We start in the future (present), with the narrator having a somewhat successful future being a teacher and having a wife and two kids (with one of them passing away due to the polio disease). We learned very early that Sonny was locked up due to possession of heroin. The narrator originally found out about the tragic news from a newspaper, then later, an old childhood friend of the two made a trip to inform him while he was leaving school. The childhood friend tried to inform the narrator of the harsh reality of the situation Sonny was in, and would never change by telling him Listen. They ll let him out and then it ll just start all over again. That s what I mean (Baldwin page 50), with the narrator already being mindful of the situation and conceivable consequence of him diving into that lifestyle. He initially didn t care, but came to the realization that he had to care about his younger misguided brother as he and the fellow converted then parted ways. This gave light into where the story was heading with the two siblings, as they would write letters back and forwardShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesMollie Colon Comp 111 B04 Mrs. Canella In Class Essay 1 â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by author James Baldwin tells the tale of two brothers; one good and one evil. The narrator paints the two brothers as â€Å"light† and â€Å"dark†. The author James Baldwin writes about his relationship with his brother Sonny whom was the â€Å"dark† brother. In essence, this story is about the struggle of two black brothers growing up in Harlem. This essay incorporates the struggles that Black men and women go through on a daily basisRead MoreJames Baldwin s Reality Through Sonny1253 Words   |  6 Pages James Baldwin’s Reality through Sonny Sonny’s Blues digs deeply into the â€Å"Negro American† during Civil Rights and Jim Crow Era’s. Set in Harlem, New York in the 1950’s. James Baldwin’s stories give insight based on events of his culture and this becomes apparent through the analysis of the characters in Sonny’s Blues. James Baldwin uses his talents to paint a vivid picture of African American life through a fictional story of two brothers who chose very differentRead More Mending the Relationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues1292 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues According to Liukkonen, James Baldwin is well known for his novels on sexual and personal identity, and sharp essays on civil-rights struggle in the United States. Sonnys Blues is no exception to this. The story takes place in Harlem, New York in the 1950s and tells of the relationship between two brothers. The older brother, who is the narrator and a participant in the novel, remains unnamed throughout the story. The novel is about theRead MoreJames Baldwins Sonnys Blues859 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿An Analysis of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues In James Baldwin s short story Sonny s Blues a young man questions his brotherly obligations after finding that his younger brother has been arrested for using drugs. In the attempt to rectify his younger brother s behavior and life, the young man faces his own feelings for his brother and comes to terms with the life his brother Sonny lives. The developments of certain elements-plot, character, point of view, setting, symbolism-in the storyRead MoreLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†1549 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† Amelia Williams ENG125: Introduction to Literature Instructor: Deborah Zeringue December 22, 2014 As living and breathing human beings people are bound to experience some type of conflict. Conflict can be present within a person, between two people, between a person and forces of nature, and even between a person and their society. Conflict is defined as the struggle that shapes the plot in a story (Clugston, 2014, ch.4sect.1 para.4). When readingRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blues By John M. Lee2198 Words   |  9 PagesDr. Kim Course: English 132 Sonny’s Blues is one of the famous stories expressing the deplorable conditions the Black community found themselves in during the struggle against racial segregation in the American history. The analysis given by John M. Reilley is to draw the attention of the readers and audience on the image of the black community, basically as expressed by Sonny’s Blues as a metaphor. Following the publication of Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin realized he had a role in the AfricanRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 916 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin’s story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† tells the tale of two African-American brothers trying to survive in 1950s America. Both struggle with darkness in their lives, from drugs to bottling up emotions. The following sources were found Literature Research Center’s website. Each of the four sources will be evaluated for the quality of their information, as well as their usefulness on the topic o f darkness in â€Å" â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. Flibbert, Joseph. Sonny s Blues: Overview. Reference Guide to Short

Chesapeake Vs Chesapeake Essay - 1827 Words

The colonization of the New World was a trying time for the European powers trying to catch up the Spanish, such as the British. Sometimes colonies were successful, and sometimes they didn’t last long at all. There were not only the differences in terms of failing or succeeding, but differences in terms of how the successful colonies succeeded. Two of the most successful colonies were established and developed in totally different ways. The difference in the successful development of the colonies in the Chesapeake region was totally different than the successful development of the colonies in the New England region, and was caused by different populations, climate, geography, and motivations. The populations found in New England were far†¦show more content†¦They had paid for their own voyage and the sole purpose of their travels was to become rich. Upon their arrival, they set off in search for a land of gold. During their search, they created heavy tensions with the natives in the area. This negative relationship with the natives caused them to be attacked and almost wiped out until the British government took over the region and introduced a new system. This new system granted 50 acres of land to each person that paid for their voyage, or another person’s voyage over. This caused more families to be drawn to the opportunity and eventually a greater, smarter, stronger community was established. Overall, there was a far more immediate success in the establishment of the population in New England than in the Chesapeake region, which eventually lead to a different feel in society. Additionally, society itself was changing more and more between the two regio ns due to the climate. The climate of the New England region causes the temperature to drop earlier than it does in the Chesapeake region. The early morning fall frost that falls on the leaves in New England was not only beautiful but beneficial for their health. In New England the frost came far sooner than in the Chesapeake region which lead to the death of mosquitos in the frost. Despite their small stature, mosquitos were actually a large problem in the Chesapeake region. Their feeding on human and animal blood caused deadly diseases to beShow MoreRelatedEssay Chesapeake Vs. New England Colonies763 Words   |  4 Pagesdiversity being sown in the early days of colonization when the Chesapeake and New England colonies grew into distinctive societies. Even though both regions were primarily English, they had similarities as well as striking differences. The differentiating characteristics among the Chesapeake and New England colonies developed due to geography, religion, and motives for colonial expans ion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay area, was not interested in long-term colonization inRead MoreEssay on New England Vs. Chesapeake DBQ1306 Words   |  6 PagesNew England vs. Chesapeake While both the people of the New England region and of the Chesapeake region descended from the same English origin, by 1700 both regions had traveled in two diverse directions. Since both of these groups were beset with issues that were unique to their regions and due to their exposure to different circumstances, each was forced to rethink and reconstruct their societies. As a result, the differences in the motivation, geography, and government in the New England andRead MoreEssay about New England vs , Chesapeake749 Words   |  3 Pagesand energy to make the state. A state threats these puritans also known to be separatist. Rhode island an exception was also founded for the religious reasons. Founded by a brave man roger wiliams having the same will for the freedom of worship. Chesapeake own purpose is of course had a whole different purpose likewise in a more economical perspective. This region by far had very greedy and shallow minded ideals in economics. Jamestown was fo unded was by the greed for gold itself. Many in aRead MoreThe Colonization Of The New World1068 Words   |  5 Pagesfounding of colonies in the New World. Another motive was one shared by many races, cultures, and nationalities†¦ greed. For this reason, a group of English entrepreneurs created the Virginia Company of London to create a profitable colony in the Chesapeake Bay region of North America. Thus, England’s first permanent settlement, Jamestown, was founded. Instead of repeating the vain search for gold in the New World by the Spanish, the founders of were ordered to find a â€Å"cash crop† to monetize JamestownRead MoreHistory 13015-82262 Words   |  10 Pagesarab states of morocco, algiers, tunis and tripoli and for decades seized vessels all of the mediterranean and held crews and passengers for ransom. Barbary pirates The episode which immediately prompted the Embargo Act was the ___ attack on the Chesapeake by the Leopard. Under Jays Treaty, ___ agreed to abandon its military posts in the American Northwest. -Great Britain How was slavery a sectional issue before 1820? most white Americans saw slavery as mainly a local issue. In Marbury v. MadisonRead MoreApush - Chapter 9-12 I.D. Terms3973 Words   |  16 PagesChapter 9-12 I.D. Terms 1. Washington’s Farewell Address- an essay George Washington wrote to stay neutral from foreign affairs. â€Å"We need to stay focused on well-being of U.S. since we are a new country.† For the next 150 years, the U.S. didn’t sign an alliance. Isolationism formed from this address. Twice however, the US got involved in the European struggle. 1) in 1798 in opposition to France amp; 2) in 1813 in opposition to Great Britain. He basically said he was totally for the NeutralityRead MoreInformation Technology Implementation Issues: an Analysis45771 Words   |  184 Pagesmanagement of information technologies. For example see J. L. King â€Å"Local Government Use of Information Technology: The Next Decade†, in Managing New Technologies: The Information Revolution in Local Government (Washington, DC: ICMA, 1985). In this essay King describes smaller governments as those â€Å"cities below 50,000 and counties below 100,000 in population†. (p.12) Strategic Planning In its simplest form strategic planning is described as â€Å"a process by which an organization attempts to control itsRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesthe January effect is illustrated in Figure 6.15, which examines returns in January versus the other months of the year in several major financial markets, and finds strong evidence of a January effect in every market. Figure 6.15: Returns in January vs Other Months - Major Financial Markets b. The Weekend Effect The weekend effect is another return phenomenon that has persisted over extraordinary long periods and over a number of international markets. It refers to the differences in returns between

The Negative Effects Of Prohibition - 1048 Words

The 18th amendment introduced governmental restrictions on the manufacture and sale of alcohol in 1920’s America (Constitution). With this amendment, government overstepped the boundaries set in place by the founders and by the ideologies of Locke; rather than a government whose sole purpose was to protect the rights of people, government became an institution that could also regulate morals. Though created with good intentions, Prohibition rather had an adverse effect and led to both economic and moral disaster. Due to governmental expansion and growth into spheres not intended in its original design, government harmed America socially and economically, and expanded the facets into which government could have power. Prohibition was†¦show more content†¦The weakness in the legislation of the 18th amendment was rooted in the unique and individual nature of morals. There is a fine line in legislating morals and rights. Government’s purpose is to legislate and protect rights, however when it comes to morals government had to grow to encompass this responsibility. Morals are a standard of beliefs and behaviors, rights are a legal entitlement guaranteed to all men. Morals are amorphous, rights are concrete. The case of Prohibition failed because it split Americans into factions based upon their beliefs. Those who were â€Å"wet† and â€Å"dry† differed greatly in their morals, and when these morals became legislated through the 18th amendment, disaster struck in many forms, all due to this spread of government power. In order to address the aftermath of the 18th amendment, the enforcement of it must also be addressed. The National Prohibition Act, or more commonly known as the Volstead Act, is described as â€Å"An act to prohibit intoxicating beverages, and to regulate the manufacture, production, use, and sale of high-proof spirits for other than beverage purposes, and to insure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its use in scientific research and in the development of fuel, dye, and other lawful industries† (Volstead Act). This act was over 25Show MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Drug Prohibition1297 Words   |  6 PagesNumerous researchers contend that drug prohibition policies actually create more issues than are solved. The negative effects of drug restriction policies include: negative health effects, increased drug effects, crimes at home and abroad, increased violence, misuse of assets and resources, violation of civil rights and excess on criminal and government systems. Heavy emphasis on upholding criminal restrictions on drug creation and selling was also significantly influencing the productivity of illegalRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Prohibition in Canada1061 Words   |  5 Pagesthe years of 1918-1920 Canada had a brief moment of prohibition. During this period in time drinking alcohol was considered illegal. As a result many negative and positive side effects had taken place in the country. Although the ban of alcohol may have been able to do great good on Canada, the people’s reaction to it completely flipped it around. Although it may have been overall a disastrous idea; Canada still managed to benefit from prohibition just like the United States (maybe even more). AlthoughRead MoreIs the Prohibition of Drugs Useful or Not? Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe twentieth century, people in many countries become aware of drug prohibition. In fact, every country in the world has a form of drugs prohibition. However, national drug prohibition started in 1920s in the United States as a subgroup of national alcohol prohibition. In 1930 the congress of United States separated drugs from the alcohol prohibition law and created a new federal drug prohibition agency (Levine, 2002). Prohibition may be defined as the set of policies which ban all production, distributionRead MoreProhibition in the Great Gatsby1355 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by prohibition. The prohibition law restricted the manufacturing, consumption, transportation, and sale of alcohol. The law was put into effect to lower the crime and corruption rates in the United States in the 1920s. It was also said to reduce social problems and lower taxes. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald examines the negative repercussions of prohibition on the economy, characters in the Great Gatsby, and on the different social classes of the 1920s. Prohibition was passedRead MoreProhibition During The Era Of 1920-1933 Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesProhibition Essay: By: Savannah Crawford During the era of 1920-1933 could best be characterized as the path to a sober nation. This time of history consisted of the eighteenth amendment which was passed on October 28th 1919; Volstead Act. The Volstead act was created to carry out the movement of prohibition. In addition, Prohibition is the legal prohibiting of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks for common consumption according to dictionary.com. Furthermore, this amendment concurs thatRead MoreThe Causes of Prohibition (America 1920s)848 Words   |  4 PagesWhy was prohibition introduced in America in the 1920? When federal prohibition was introduced in America with the 18th Amendment to the constitution in 1919 and the Volstead Act in 1920, it was often termed ‘The Nobel Experiment’. It didn’t take long for most people to recognise that the experiment had gone terribly wrong and that it was fostering what it was supposed to eradicate, crime, excess and corruption. But the question is why it was introduced in America in 1920 and to understand thisRead MoreThe 18th Amendment And Prohibition711 Words   |  3 Pagesamendment. The 18th amendment, prohibition, may have seemed like a positive thing at the time, but it caused countless problems like increased crime rates, the court system and law enforcement became corrupted, and the making of homemade alcohol increased. Crime rates, especially in urban areas, rapidly increased once Prohibition began. Crime was already troublesome with gangs and such then, but with Prohibition crime became even worse, â€Å"during the first year of Prohibition the number of crimes committedRead MoreThe Street Empire916 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame common, and many people would purchase bootlegged alcohol through illegal manners. Criminals and gangsters viewed the prohibition as a method of making money fast, and created an organized system concentrated on manufacturing and distributing of alcoholic beverages. Organized crime has always been notoriously feared; however, they became successful during the Prohibition era in the 1920s. They established an organized system and evolved into a successful, established, and dangerous organizationRead MoreLaw Enforcement : The United States Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pageson, until prohibition became a federal task in the 1920’s. This is when the federal government dec ided to take up the task of protecting people from themselves. Fast forward to the 1960’s; President Richard Nixon took a step forward with prohibition by declaring a war on drugs. This perpetual war has consumed much of our country’s financial resources and profoundly affected our criminal justice system, which governs us today. Many claim that this effect on our country has been negative, but othersRead MoreCultural Issues Created by the Prohibition Era. 813 Words   |  3 PagesWhile the prohibition movement of the early twentieth century was brought on with a wholesome and moral mindset, the economic, political, and cultural factors relating to its origins and enactment untimely doomed it for failure. Such groups as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the progressive party argued that drinking was the cause of political corruption, crime, bad labor conditions, and a declining sense of family values. These groups’ protests and rallies gained enormous support quickly

Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management Free Essays

string(164) " consumer behavior has changed, all of the companies are forcing to change their supply chain processes to adopt the new channel to meet the customer expectations\." As Airasia’s vision is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia, our proposal might be a useful tool for Airasia to achieve their vision. The goal of our proposal is to decrease the operational cost of Airasia to attain cost efficiencies and provided the public with a lowest cost so that â€Å"Now everyone can fly† with Airasia. Objective of this proposal is to develop e-Supply Chain Management to attain a much lower operation cost for Airasia in the coming year. We will write a custom essay sample on Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this proposal, we will discuss about; 1. Analyze of the factors contributing to enable e-SCM for Airasia, 2. Create an appropriate implementation plans to develop e-SCM, 3. Discuss the environmental factors that will affect the implementation, 4. Determine which department will e-SCM help the most, 5. Show the benefit of e-SCM to Airasia and stakeholders and 6. Suggestion for how to further improve the e-SCM. Overview of the company (Airasia, 2010) Now everyone can fly, this slogan held in every Malaysian’s mind deeply. Airasia was an Asia’s leading airline with a dream of making flying possible for everyone. The vision of Airasia is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. The mission of Airasia included; †¢ To be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family †¢ Create a globally recognized ASEAN brand †¢ To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with Airasia †¢ Maintain the highest quality product embracing technology to reduce coast and enhance service levels There are 6 main values that Airasia focused in to attain the lowest cost. The strategies used were; ? Safety first o Partnering with GE Engine Services the world’s most renowned maintenance providers and complying with the world airline operations. o GE Engine Services began servicing jet aircraft engines over 50 years ago. o Provide large or small jet engines for commercial or military aircraft as well as engines for marine and industrial applications (Breaking Travel News, 2002). ? Hight Aircraft Utilisation o Implementing the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and higher productivity. Low Fare, No Frills o Providing guests with the choice of customizing services without compromising on quality and services.   Example services provided food ; beverage, merchandise, excite, baggage supersize, pick a seat, premium service or corporate booking. ? Streamline Operations o Making sure the process are as simple as possible. o Example online ticket booking. ? Lean Distribution System o Offering a wide and innovative range of distribution channels to make booking and traveling easier. Strategy of distribution like call centre, sales office ; airport sales counter, authorized travel agents, mobile booking or online. ? Point to Point Network o Applying the point-to-point network keeps operation simple and cost low Analyze Airasia’s Annual Report According to Airasia’s Five-Year Financial Highlights from 2006 until 2009, Airasia’s revenue is increasing steadily. Unfortunately, in year 2008 is having loss around RM497 million. This is because their operating expenses (-RM3,207 million) had exceeded their revenue (RM2,955 million). From the report, year 2008 Airasia had huge amount of air craft fuel expenses (-RM1,390 million) and derivatives (-RM679 million) on operational cost compare with years 2009 –RM928 million and RM22 million. Due to the fuel expenses and derivatives, it causes Airasia making loss in year 2008 (Airasia Berhad, 2010). From the balance sheet, we can know that net current asset of year 2008 and year 2009 was increasing from RM163 million to RM511 million. It is because of non-current assets and current assets increased and current liabilities decreased. On non-current liabilities, borrowings of RM6,068 million in year 2008 and RM7,068 million in year 2009 (Airasia Berhad, 2010). |Key Ratios (YE 31 Dec) |2008 |2009 | |Revenue growth (%) |n/a |8. 4 | |EBITDA growth (%) |n/a |86. | |Pretax margins (%) |(15. 3) |16. 8 | |Net profit margins (%) |(15. 4) |16. 3 | |Interest cover (x) |1. 6 |2. 1 | |Effective tax rate (%) |n/a |3. | |Net dividend payout (%) |n/a |0. 0 | |Debtors turnover (days) |91 |88 | |Stock turnover (days) |4 |3 | |Creditors turnover (days) |149 |127 | Adapted]From: Chew. B, 2010. Comparing with Malaysia Airlines, Malaysia Airlines have more revenue compare with Airasia but their profit after tax are around the same figure, which are RM493 million in year 2009, RM245 million in year 2008, RM853 million in year 2007, RM133 million loss in year 2006 and RM1,251 million lose in year 2005. Although Airasia revenue lower than Malaysia Airlines around RM8,442 million but Airasia can gain the profit like Malaysia Airlines. In conclusion, the strategies used by Airasia are very successful (Malaysia Airlines, 2010). Compare Airasia with Malaysia airlines |2009 |Airasia |Malaysia Airlines |Differences in % | |Revenue |RM3,133 million |RM11,574 million |269. 42% | |Net profit after tax |RM506 million |RM493 million |-2. 57% | |Passengers carried |14,253 million |6,549 million |-54. 5% | |Fuel Expenses |RM927 million |RM3,497 million |277. 24% | |Net Current Asset |RM511 million |RM3,023 million |491. 59% | Balance Sheet Ratio for year 2009 |Ratio |Formula |Airasia |Malaysia Airlines | |Current |CA/CL |1. |0. 86 | |Quick |(Cash+AR)/CL |0. 86 |0. 74 | |Net Margin |NPAT/Sales |16. 2 |0. 04 | |Operating Margin |Operating profit/Sales |0. 15 |-0. 06 | |Return On Assets |NPAT/T. Assets |0. 04 |0. 6 | |Return On Investment |NPAT/Net Worth |0. 19 |0. 66 | The factors contributing to e- enable SCM in Airasia The invention of internet has greatly influence the traditional supply chain management in the world. Many company realize the benefits of apply IT into their supply chain management. Internet has prov ided a great opportunity for company to share and access information faster and increase the productivity and efficiency of the supply chain performance. Other than that, e-enabled SCM lead to deduct the cost and add extra value for the company. Those enabling software like CRM, ERP and EDI which can help in make improvement on the integration with its buyers, sellers, suppliers and partners. Rapid changing of technology forcing the companies must plan to change their business strategy in order to understand consumer behavior and fulfill their needs. Due to the inefficiencies of the traditional supply chain management, many company decided to acquiring e-SCM are aim to better manage their supply chain flow to ensure it is operating smoothly. E-SCM is taking advantage in coordinate the cooperation with suppliers. E-commerce allow the seller promote and sell their products and services through the internet. Some of the buyers today prefer to search, buy, compare or book the products and services on the internet. Since the consumer behavior has changed, all of the companies are forcing to change their supply chain processes to adopt the new channel to meet the customer expectations. You read "Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management" in category "Papers" Thus, the supply chain needs to be different with the traditional channel. Airasia can provide customers booking flight ticket via internet (Gimenez et al. , 2003). Information sharing is a crucial part in supply chain management. Traditional supply chain management provided limited information flow among the employees, customers or the suppliers. That is higher cost and time consuming to get the information and it will cause the company can’t make a good decision. Therefore, internet provided a chance for company to share and access the real time information among its partners to ensure effective. Extranet can build a network to link the company and the partners together and granted to share and access information faster. Therefore, company can easily get the urgent information instantly in low cost. It can make a big improvement in enhancing the integration company with its suppliers. Other than that, an intranet can send and accept the documents through electronic media among the firms. In addition, internet is a high speed medium where can reach global. Internet can help the Company connect with their foreign partners in a minute for business information, discussion and proceed to procurement decision. It can know as e-procurement, example, Airasia can order the air bus spare part via internet (Gimenez et al. , 2003). Knowledge sharing, in the database management is not only offer precious information, there are also including planning, analyze the result and transfer and transform into meaningful information and share with business partners . Company can get the data with just a few clicks and help them to make a better decision for their business. That is providing big advantages to the company where is cost saving and improve the efficiency of their business decision. Example, Airasia can collect their sales data and analyze it into meaningful information in order to respond to customer needs and demands and react quickly to the market. It can also use to forecast the company sales, so, the company can make decision to improve their sales (Gimenez et al. , 2003). One of the factors e-enabled supply chain management is it can design an effective supply chain to strive for effective collaboration and integration with suppliers and customers, increase the competitive advantages in the intense competition environment, improve the operational process, and gain a long-term benefit. Even though internet is an inexpensive and faster way to obtain the useful information to assist the company to improve the supply chain management, company has to design a good supply chain structure to make the supply chain flow more effective. The better of the supply chain design, the more benefits company can gain from it. Intense competition today has forcing the company to do better always in order to survive in the market. Internet has offering the company a chance to design a better supply chain to enhance its supply chain performance by adding new functions to achieve the company objectives (Gimenez et al. 2003). Implementation plans to strategize an e-SCM In competitive environment today, internet technology provided strong tools to strengthen the company’s electronic supply chain management. If the company can carry out an appropriate implement planning, it would lead to obtain a competitive edge. A poor planning may cause supply chain produce the poor result like low quality, poor services and higher cost. Initially, the company must clarify the supply chain goals to indentify which goals are going to set to get best effect in the business. Competitive level, distribution, production, financial and customers needs need to be concern to assure the new supply chain able to achieve company goals and fulfill customers’ need. Outsourcing can be more suitable because operating a new supply chain is costly. After that, conduct a supply chain readiness audit to analyze the business. To understand the existing company core and capabilities priority. How the company is going to respond with high demand, global reach? It such as an evaluation of business before a new supply chain is implementing. Next step is developing a business case, the top management should develop a business case that understands electronic supply chain can increase the performances of business and it would improve the customer satisfaction, supplier integration and cost effectiveness. To make a better business case can help in achieve company’s mission and objectives. Fourth step is establishing a supply chain coordination unit. Establish a skillful e-SCM team to implement and coordinate the supply chain. The team is to make sure the supply chain is operating under a smoothness condition, reduce the cost, facilitate business performance and increase customer satisfaction. Training has to give out to improve the SCM team skill, knowledge and leadership (Kalakota et al, 2001). Next, begin supplier integration. Business partners are the important part in the supply chain to help the company to achieve their new business projects or objectives. Electronic supply chain will be inefficient if without any supplier support. Develop a performance score card to evaluate the performance of new supply chain. Reengineering might need when there have problems occur or something is going wrong. Penalties and performance reward may place into the measurement as incentives to drive e-SCM efficiency. The following step is always educate, educate, educate the members who are involve in the supply chain management by provide training, education, mentoring to the members to get the newest knowledge and information to perform well. At the final step, company has to learn to manage failure. Not every system will always implementing smoothly, failure will lead into inefficiencies and influence the company daily operations. Thus, company must able to cope with the failure, understand the problem and learn from the failure and make improvement on it to prevent the problems occur again (Kalakota et al, 2001). Airasia is using Low Cost Carrier (LCC) business strategy to operate their business and transform supply chain management to electronic. Airsia is going to adopt several systems to support the e-SCM to operate smoothly. All of the systems are operating to achieve the business goals by cost effective of the operation (ERP and CRS) and maximize the revenue (YMS). Airasia attempts to integrate information technology with current supply chain management to carry out some planning and strategy that is implementing effectively to support and develop their business to coordinate their daily operation, integration and communication (Kho, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) is introduced to improve the internal operational process and achieving low cost business strategy. In airline industry, complex network, huge daily operation and a lots of external factor that will influence the operational performance like bad weather. In order to be successfully implementing a good supply chain, Airasia can use APS to become a core of their supply chain to deal with the customer and supplier requirements. A series of effective functions will provide by APS to support Airasia in their daily operational activities. There are supplier portals, it will provide some useful information for Airasia to help them avoid from any system error such as order processing. APS also assist in inventory planning and maintenance management. APS is ability to integrate Airasia, its maintenance supplier, GE aviation, and other suppliers to manage the inventory such as spare part to check resource availability and place order priority to prevent out of maintenance stock and set a maintenance schedule to ensure the aircraft is in a safety condition all the time. Route profitability analysis is conducting to set and plan an efficient route in order to save cost and increase revenue (Kho, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Computer Reservation System (CRS) is an integrated web-based inventory and reservation system including call center, airport departure control function, internet and others. Airasia is going to use e-commerce to facilitate the online reservation and purchase e-ticket process. Intermediary had eliminated in this process. Airasia will offer 24 hours per day and 7 days a week for real time transaction that enable local and global customers to book the ticket anytime. The system software will provide data in online booking and categorize stored, update automatically and help in scheduling flight activities. This is also cost effective by less depend on human resource for data entry. Therefore, Airasia can fully utilize the available of vast booking information where bring customers to the website to minimize the unsold seat and maximize their sales. The comprehensive information is available by the supply chain system on the internet for customer to view, search and compare with others companies before they decide to purchase in terms of service, price or flight time. CRS has provided convenient for the company to maximize their sales to meet customers’ needs (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Beside that, Airasia had decided to acquire a Wireless Delivery System (WDS) to provide convenient to the customer so they able to book ticket through their mobile phone while increasing Airasia sales (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). ERP is application software integrated with its company system that helps the company to manage the operational activities effectively and efficiency. Airasia can implement ERP system which is a system that will focus on company daily operations and help in save operational cost, maintain integrity, speed up reporting and increase efficiency of the operational performance and better manage its electronic supply chain (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Yield Revenue System (YMS) used to aid in understand, react and anticipated the buyer behavior to enhance the company revenue. The system can effectively result in optimize the Airasia’s flight ticket price and maximize the company expected revenue. Example, seat price is available by different level in the different time. A ticket booking at a later time may be charge a higher price than an earlier booking. Other than that, the system will help the company adjust the ticket price when there have high demand in that destination. YMS is obtaining advantages in charge a lower price to maximize the revenue and adjust the price into higher price when the peak time through the demand forecast. In this case, Airasia can fully understand their consumer behavior and implementing the effective strategy to achieve their revenue objectives (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). ECRM is a system software use to build a long term relationship with the customers. Many companies are plan to cut customer service cost while improve customer satisfaction. ECRM is providing extra advantages compare with offline CRM. Airasia will use ECRM to manage the complaints from the customers through the call center and solve the customer problem and question by FAQs with further customer service support line on the Airasia homepage. Besides that, ECRM also provide convenience for customer to check in through the internet and mobile phone. ECRM can help the Airasia indentify the frequent customer and reward them through reward program like frequently flyer program. Email notification may be send to the customers to inform them about the promotion information (Wong, 2009). Environmental factors that may affect the implementation of e-SCM in AirAsia External factors Sociological Social environment includes the cultures, customs, mores, values and demographic characteristic of the society in which an organization functions. Social processes also determine the goods and services, as well as the standards of business conduct, that a society is likely to value and accept. (Smith, 2010) In Malaysia, most of the population is educated and 65. % of Malaysians use internet (Internet World Statistic, 2010). This eases the process of implement e-SCM. When suppliers, customers and employees of Airasia are educated and able to operate a computer, it will be very easy for them to understand the concept of e-SCM, accept and use it. Therefore, the learning cost of Airasia’s e-SCM can be lower down. However, Airasia’s supplier have different values in implementing e-SCM. They may refuse to share actual data with other companies due to lack of trust (Scalet, 2001). This caused a barrier while implementing e-SCM. Political The political environment reflects the relationship between business and government, usually in the form of government regulation of business (Smith, 2010). Political factors such as labour laws, tax, trade policy, and political stability defines what Airasia can and cannot do while implementing e-SCM. During year 2009, the Prime Minister, Abdullah Badawi was set to step down in March 2009. This caused political uncertainty. This issue may lead to difficulties in setting rules or changing any structure in Airasia in order to implement e-SCM. Besides, Airasia also operate in other countries, many laws will be different compare to Malaysia. So Airasia will face another issue while implement e-SCM. Economic Economic environment refers to relevant conditions that exist in the economic system in which a company operates. Those factors in economic environment are interest rates, exchange rate, economic growth, inflation rate and others (Smith, 2010). For example, the rising of oil and arousal of low-cost competitors like Firefly will affect Airasia’s operating cost. They will influence the profits and availability of funds and cause implication on implementation of e-SCM (Yahoo! Answer, 2010). When Airasia is lack of fund, there will also lack of employees training cost on e-SCM and implementation cost. A Thai individual holds 1%, Airasia holds 49% and Shin Corporation hold 50% of Thai Airasia. Shin Corporation was owned by previous Thailand prime minister and it has strong financial strength to support Airasia to implement technology such as e-SCM (International Transport Workers’ Federation, 2007). Technological Technological environment includes human knowledge, work methods, physical equipment, electronics and telecommunication and various processing systems which used to perform business activities. (Wong, 2009) Technology nowadays helps a lot in e-SCM. The main technology that affects implementation of e-SCM is Internet. It is serving as a medium for information access, transmission and sharing among suppliers, Airasia and its customers. Apart from that, with the aids of other technologies like intranet, extranet, e-mail, online conferencing, and others, all the supply chain partners of Airasia can easily communicate and collaborate. Speed of information flow faster through Airasia to its customers or supplier. The other technology platform is Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). These technologies have stimulated implementation of e-SCM. Internal factors Human Resource When Airasia implement e-SCM strategy, every process, goal or system must be carry out by employees. Thus Airasia need to provide training to its employee, development, restructure and compensate in order to support e-SCM process. However, some employees may resist to change. Airasia must be award or compensate them so that implementation goes smoothly (Lancaster, 2006). Financial Resource Financial is critical factors that affect e-SCM. Without enough funds and capital, e-SCM cannot be implementing because e-SCM needs huge fund to carry out. Although Airasia is suffering loss during year 2009, Airasia can raise its fund to implement e-SCM by selling its share or capital restructure (Whitley, 2009). Physical Resource The infrastructure needed to be carry out e-SCM are corporate portals, workflow system and tools, EDI, intranet, extranet and others groupware tools. Airasia should gets all infrastructure ready to implement e-SCM. Organizational structure A flattened organization structure can easier to accept, adapt and implement new technologies or strategies (Pearlson, 2006). However, board of directors of AirAsia is too narrow, decision making will be too shallow (Onwutalobi, 2008). When implement e-SCM, decision making need to be fast, effective and efficient. Area that e-SCM help most in Airasia E-SCM helps Airasia a lot in this airline competitive industry and one of the ost significant advantages are reduced manifest preparation time, reduced paperwork handling time, reduced time in communicating with up- and down-stream intermodal partners and reduced load transference times between intermodal partners One of the significant e-SCM for an aviation company is the Computer Reservation System (CRS). Online sales through this system captured more than 50 percent of Airasia’s revenue (Corporate website, 2005). The system can also detect the frequent flyers and rewards them accordingly to create higher customer retention rate and lead to a better stage of relationship marketing with the customers. The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) process provides the structure for how relationship with the customer is develop and maintained (Croxton et al. , 2001). CRM can be a system linked together with the CRS in order to obtain the customer description and reservation description to provide them with full range of customer service including the FAQ questions in it. Besides that, Distributed Database System (DDS) is also a core element in this successful Airasia in the airline industry. If Airasia tend to expand to a wider range of market share, a geographically dispersed database can be used to plan its flight schedule carefully. Another element is that Wireless Delivery System (WDS) for the ease of their customers to browse company website details and place their reservation using their mobile phone. Airasia practices online booking if the customers tend to save money for lower price when they purchase their ticket online. The complexity of managing the flexible price can be carrying out using Yield Revenue System (YRS). Airasia can price accordingly by referring to the demand of the flight and pick the best price for Airasia’s yield revenue. Demand driven resource planning and employee scheduling is crucial to the success of all aviation service providers and Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) can help Airasia in the dynamic airline environment. Crew scheduling, fleet management, gate and check-in desk planning and the ground crew planning is a crucial part for the company to overcome the increasing operating costs. Benefits of e-SCM to AirAsia, suppliers, and consumers The common model of e-commerce supply chain system transaction view is shown as below; company, suppliers and consumers are all linked throughout the whole transaction. So, as Airasia applies e-SCM, besides benefit to Airasia, it also benefits to suppliers and consumers (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). [pic] Company Airasia can use the computer network to operate its businesses as one of the e-SCM strategies. Airasia’s can introduce booking air ticket through the online website which is assisted Air Asia transformed towards a more well-established communication media which is available 24/7. As the forecast, there will about 40% total revenue can be gain via the Internet transactions. It is because of Airasia can take the advantage of B2B marketplaces to forecast the demand for their services and, using differentiation pricing strategy to attract more customers and gain more market share by implementing the Yield Revenue System (YMS). In addition, the e-CRM in e-SCM allows Airasia to provide personalized service and one-to-one relationships between merchants and consumers. The ERP system had speed up reporting and increase efficiency of the operational performance which will directly increase the satisfaction of customers towards the services quality provided by Airasia. At the end, Airasia can enhancing relationship with both existing and potential customers and also the suppliers since the communication became a straightforward task. Besides that, Airasia can cost saving through the Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) which improved the internal operational process and achieving low cost business strategy. The company can also saves on the cost to operating and managing the bricks and mortar outlets and able to reach national markets without any efforts on developing a physical distribution network. Then, Airasia can reduce the cost of sales commission of the middleman, which is the travel agent. So, as a conclusion, if Airasia adopted e-SCM, the company can streamline and restructure the services provided to its customers, developing new markets, and thus creating innovative business opportunities to its customers and suppliers. Suppliers [pic] Due to the supplier’s view of e-commerce supply chain, they concern on the process of buy and fulfillment, ship and logistics and fleet management (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). The suppliers of Airasia can strengthen their forecasting ability, meet and exceed Airasia’s demands by offering the right promotion of products and services at the right time, as well as align their production schedules based on their manufacturing capacity and inventory management is improved because of the efficient information exchange, inventory visibility and transactions through the EDI system. So, the supplier can minimize ordering, handling and other costs and avoid from the bull-whip effect which may cause them profit loss from the surplus of the stocks or failed to gain more profit because of the shortage of stocks. In addition, the supplier can increase its reputation by meeting the needs and demands from the customers. Consumers The customer’s view point towards the e-SCM can be represented simply, as the figure below (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). [pic] The e-SCM delivers value across Airasia customers’ supply chain allow customers make quicker and better decisions because the information about inventory visibility and transactions. Airasia customers can compare the pricing and the quality of services provided by Airasia and the others competitors on Internet. Besides that, the e-SCM automating the e-procurement function, simplified purchasing processes which benefits Airasia in lower their transaction costs and overhead. Since the expenses or costs of Airasia reduced, they may able to lower down the pricing but maintaining the same quality of services, which is also considered as benefit to customers. Customers get the same quality of services but with a lower pay. Through Computer Reservation System (CRS), Airasia can launch the ticketless system which the customer of Airasia has the opportunity in doing the booking and purchasing process at anytime, anywhere as customer preferences. Once the customer booking completed, Airasia will provide customer with a program which include customer booking number, payment and travel details. So, the ordering and settlement process had simplified and more convenient to customers during they check in by just mentioning the booking number and must present identification card (IC) or passport of customer for identification purposes. Recommendation and improvement on e-SCM The constantly changing external environments which faced by the organization or company nowadays cause the Airasia have to always ensure that its own internal resources and capabilities are sufficient enough to meet or exceed the needs of the external environment. So, the e-SCM system that Airasia executed need to always keep up-to-date to meet the needs of the external environments. Besides that, in order to survive in the air flight services industry, Airasia also need to always undertake an analysis about their external and internal environment. The e-SCM system plays an important role in this process because the visible of information about the supplier side and customers’ side is useful in the analysis. So, e-SCM system needs to be improved by reducing the degree of error happened and increase the accuracy and reliability of the data flow within the supply chain flow. Since Airasia still receiving a lot complaint from customers on their service, such as the flight delays, or being charged for a lot of things and also customers is not allowed to change flight or get any refund from Airasia if they couldn’t make it. So, Airasia can improve the e-SCM through the Balance Score Card (BSC) which helps in the improvement of the internal and external communications, and monitor the organization performance based on financial perspective, internal business process perspective, learning and growth perspective and also customer perspective. So, by measuring the quality management and customer satisfaction index, Airasia could further improve the e-SCM based on the feedbacks from the customers and the measurement of the performance. On the other hand, Airasia can also further improve the e-SCM in the collaboration area. There are several unexpected events are converging. Therefore, company can increases the number of platforms, packages and more advanced technologies to do the filtering tasks which only permit meaningful collaboration from sharing data and information, to developing customer reward programs and joint forecasts. References The Breaking News (2002), AirAsia ; GE Engine Services Sign Major Engine Maintenance Agreement Worth Over US$20 Million, Breaking Travel News. Available from: – http://www. breakingtravelnews. com/news/article/btn40003248  [Accessed 3 July 2010] Airasia (2010). How to cite Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management, Papers